Analysis of durability testing of concrete landscaping units (original) (raw)
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Resistance to freeze-thaw cycles is an important factor for the durability of concrete for roads and structures in an outdoor environment. Since August 2006, new methods are introduced in a European Technical Specification CEN/TS 12390-9. This necessitates a comparative study of the test methods described in it, not only between them, but also with the methods used in Belgium. Method-specific acceptance criteria for concrete, as well as criteria to make a choice of the most suitable method in relation to the type of concrete need to be put in place. Therefore a joint prenormative research project has started as collaboration between the Cement Industry Research Centre (CRIC), the Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC), and the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL). This project evaluates the five different test methods and compares the results obtained on different types of concrete.
Mechanical and durability properties of concrete subjected to early-age freeze-thaw cycles
Materials and structures, 2021
Early-age frost damage to concrete used in winter construction or in cold environments negatively affects the development of the hydration process and the performance of the concrete, thereby reducing the service life of the building structure. Experimental research was carried out to investigate the compressive strength, resistance to chloride penetration and resistance to freeze-thaw of concrete specimens subjected to earlyage freeze-thaw cycles (E-FTCs). The effects that different pre-curing times of concrete and mineral admixtures have on the properties of early-age frostaffected concrete were also analyzed. Results show that the earlier the freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs), the poorer the later-age performance. Later-age water-curing cannot
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2020
The paper deals with a pilot study focused on the freeze-thaw (F-T) resistance of concrete. A non-traditional approach to the evaluation of the F-T resistance of concrete based on the determination of the fracture parameters is presented in the paper. Three types of specimens were used in the experimental program – prisms with edge and Chevron notch, and cylinders with the Chevron notch. Three sets of specimens of each shape were tested in total. The reference set was stored in the water until the time of testing. Another two sets of specimens were subjected to 50 and 100 freeze-thaw tests, respectively. One F-T cycle consisted of 4 hours freezing in the air at temperature -18 °C and 2 hours thawing in the water at temperature +20 °C. Based on the results, it can be stated that the values of fracture energy are proportional to the area of the ligament. This finding was observed for all tested sets – non-frost and frost attacked. The values of modulus of elasticity and fracture tough...
The Effects of Concrete Pavement Mix Design Parameters on Durability under Freeze and Thaw Condition
2017
This paper is based on an experimental research that examined the effects of concrete`s major parameters on durability of concrete pavements and curbs under freezing and thawing cycles. These parameters include concrete mix design parameters such as water-cement ratio, fine aggregate percentage and using air entraining admixture and simulating real freeze-thaw cycles that infrastructures undergo by considering deicing salt and water flow. Four types of concrete samples were prepared and submerged in four different freeze-thaw conditions. Their weight and compressive strength were measured and the results were analyzed. Based on the results, regression analysis was used and two linear models were developed to predict the weight loss and compressive strength loss of concrete under freeze-thaw cycles. The results indicated that fine aggregate percentage is a key factor in durability of concrete, and concrete samples with 6% air underwent less deterioration in comparison to concrete wit...
Freezing and Thawing Durability of Very High Strength Concrete
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2011
Problem statement: The newly developed Very High Strength Concrete (VHSC), having compressive strengths of 29 ksi and flexural strengths of 6 ksi, represents a breakthrough in concrete technology. Study to further enhance the properties of this new concrete is continuing. Approach: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of exposing Very High Strength Concrete (VHSC) specimens to rapid freeze/thaw cycles. Twenty one specimens were tested according to the Standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM C215, ASTM C666 and ASTM C78. Results: One hundred freeze/thaw cycles were performed on the VHSC specimens. Change in specimen's dimensions and material's properties were recorded at zero, forty, seventy and one hundred cycles. Dimensions and properties considered were: dimension of cross section, length, weight, Dynamic Moduli, Poisson's Ratio, durability factor and Modulus of Rupture. Conclusion/Recommendations: The test results indicated that VHSC is good freeze-thaw resistance (durability factor > 85%) and can avoid freeze/thaw damage. Freeze-thaw cycling did not significantly affect VHSC specimens' cross sectional dimensions, length, or Poisson's Ratio. However, there was a decrease in the specimens' weight with the increase in number of freeze/thaw cycles, but the decrease was very slim indicating little or no deterioration has occur. Moreover, the fine voids exist in VHSC greatly lower the freezing point of any trapped water, making the material less susceptible to Freeze-Thaw damage.
Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Concrete: Effect of: Curing Conditions, Moisture Exchange and Materials
2001
Research on freeze-thaw resistance of concrete in general and on curing and moisture conditions in particular is motivated from an economic and product sustainability point of view. Specifically, it is argued for the importance of considering the effect of curing and test exposure conditions on the moisture uptake and performance during freeze-thaw. Due to the demonstrated importance of moisture conditions on performance, they should be related to those of field service conditions when choosing a test procedure in a particular case. This is vital for adequate testing of newand more sustainable concrete materials.
Freeze-Thaw Durability of High-Strength Concrete
1997
This report presents freeze-thaw durability results of an investigation regarding the application of high performance concrete (HPC) to prestressed bridge girders. This study included a total of 30 concrete mixes and more than 130 specimens, with the following variables: aggregate type: round river gravel, partially-crushed gravel, granite, high-absorption limestone, and low-absorption limestone; cementitious material composition: Type III portland cement only, 20% fly ash, 7.5% silica fume, and combination of 20% fly ash with 7.5% silica fume replacement by weight of cement; and curing condition: heat-cured or seven-day moist-cured. No air-entraining agents were used in the study's initial phase to simulate the production of precast/prestressed bridge girders. Results indicate that it is possible to produce portland cement concrete with high strength and freeze-thaw durability without the use of air-entraining agents. Overall, the moist-cured concrete specimens exhibited better...
Resistance of Concrete to Freezing and Thawing
1994
key words: aggregate D-cracking durability factor freezing and thawing modal analysis portland cement concrete quality factor resonance frequency Strategic Highway Research Program
Accelerated method for the determination of freeze-thaw resistance of concrete
Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 2015
Main purpose of this research is to create the new reference method of determining the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete that is characterized by small labor input, high efficiency and a wide application scope. The offered method is based on measurement of long strength by nondestructive method. During this research, the theoretical analysis of concrete's specimen dependence on freeze-thaw resistance and energy, which is emitted by a specimen during destruction, has been carried out. Freeze-thaw resistance of a specimen is calculated as the mathematical relation of these energies, and the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete is calculated as an arithmetic mean value across specimens. To prove the method correctness it was realized on 10 concrete specimens. Age of specimens cosolidation is 88 days. Speciments of concrete mortar were prepared using a mix of portland cement 400 (12,3%), sand of dimentions 0.6-5 mm (24,7%), granite macadam of dimentions 5-20 mm (55,4%) and water (7,4%). Freeze-thaw resistance such mortar was determed earlier by method, approved national standard specification, it was equal 105 cycles. According dimentions by new offered method freeze-thaw resistance such mortar is equal 107 cycles and its confidence interval is equal 5,4 (probability P = 0,95). Therefore, spread of results could be casual and the offered method is correct.