From Dorchester to Dieskau –some aspects of relations between Britain and Central Europe during the Early Bronze Age (original) (raw)

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Abstract

Zusammenfassung Von Dorchester nach Dieskau -Einige Aspekte der Beziehungen zwischen Britannien und Mitteleuropa in der Frühbronzezeit Der vorliegende Aufsatz behandelt Metallarbeiten von der frühen Glockenbecherkultur bis zum Ende der Frühbronzezeit, die Beziehungen zwischen Britannien und Mitteleuropa, besonders mit Deutschland und der Schweiz, aufweisen. In Großbritannien ist für die frühe Glockenbecherkultur und die Bronzezeit A1 mehr Gold belegt als in Mitteleuropa. Von der Migdale-Phase an scheint die Bronze mit hohem Zinngehalt in Großbritannien unabhängig angenommen zu werden. Dagegen werden in Mitteleuropa Kupfer und Bronze mit geringem Zinngehalt in der Bronzezeit A1 verwendet. Die Metallfunde aus Großbritannien und Mitteleuropa zeigen in dieser Zeit wenige Gemeinsamkeiten. Während der Bronzezeit A2 gibt es in Mitteleuropa mehr Gold und auch Zinn, jedoch noch immer weniger als in Großbritannien. In der Bronzezeit A2 lässt sich ein verstärkter Kontakt nachweisen, der sich vor allem in Exporten von Großbritannien nach Mitteleuropa niederschlägt.

Key takeaways

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  1. Relations between Britain and Central Europe during the Early Bronze Age were characterized by distinct metalworking systems.
  2. Britain showed greater accessibility to gold and tin compared to Central Europe throughout the Early Bronze Age.
  3. High-tin bronze emerged in Britain before Central Europe, indicating independent adoption of bronze technology.
  4. Significant exports from Britain to Central Europe were noted during the later Early Bronze Age, particularly high-status items.
  5. The analysis reveals a gradual increase in contact, with reciprocal influences emerging mainly during Bronze A2.

Figures (7)

Fig. 3 Wasosz hoard, Poland.

Fig. 3 Wasosz hoard, Poland.

Fig. 4 (left) Bar charts of tin content.

Fig. 4 (left) Bar charts of tin content.

Fig.5 Axes. Dieskau 2, Saalkreis, Saxony-Anhalt (above); Mount Pleasant, Dorchester, Dorset (below).

Fig.5 Axes. Dieskau 2, Saalkreis, Saxony-Anhalt (above); Mount Pleasant, Dorchester, Dorset (below).

Needham has proposed Unétice influence on some Brit- ish flanged axes of Arreton type, without identifying any imports from Central Europe to match the exported axes (Needham 1978, 278; Rohl/Needham 1998, 92). The socketed skeumorph of an A2 flanged axe from Wangford, Suffolk, would be a candidate if its British provenance were cer- tain®2. There is no doubting the provenance of the ribbed bracelet of 14% tin bronze from a late Beaker burial at

Needham has proposed Unétice influence on some Brit- ish flanged axes of Arreton type, without identifying any imports from Central Europe to match the exported axes (Needham 1978, 278; Rohl/Needham 1998, 92). The socketed skeumorph of an A2 flanged axe from Wangford, Suffolk, would be a candidate if its British provenance were cer- tain®2. There is no doubting the provenance of the ribbed bracelet of 14% tin bronze from a late Beaker burial at

introduced from the continent. During the later Early Bronze Age various high-status exports from Britain can be identified in parts of Central Europe. There are fewer conti- nental imports of metalwork in Britain though faience does appear to have been introduced from Central Europe. Again, evidence of composition suggests separate metalworking systems with more tin used in Britain. Acknowledgements I must thank first the organizers of the Nebra conference for inviting me to speak in such distinguished company and for their hospitality in Halle. Many people helped me prepare my lecture and this paper though none of them is responsi- ble for their contents: Richard Annis, Barbara Armbruster, Martin Bartelheim, Richard Bradley, Dirk Brandherm, Mary Cahill, Humphrey Case, Janusz Czebreszuk, Andrew Fitz- patrick, Sabine Gerloff, Tobias Kienlin, David Liversage, Christine Longworth, Sinéad McCartan, Jan Machnik, Stuart Needham, Peter Northover, Colin Pendleton, Laura Phillips, Francesca Radcliffe, Alison Roberts, Joan Taylor, Eugene Warmenbol and especially Trevor Cowie.

introduced from the continent. During the later Early Bronze Age various high-status exports from Britain can be identified in parts of Central Europe. There are fewer conti- nental imports of metalwork in Britain though faience does appear to have been introduced from Central Europe. Again, evidence of composition suggests separate metalworking systems with more tin used in Britain. Acknowledgements I must thank first the organizers of the Nebra conference for inviting me to speak in such distinguished company and for their hospitality in Halle. Many people helped me prepare my lecture and this paper though none of them is responsi- ble for their contents: Richard Annis, Barbara Armbruster, Martin Bartelheim, Richard Bradley, Dirk Brandherm, Mary Cahill, Humphrey Case, Janusz Czebreszuk, Andrew Fitz- patrick, Sabine Gerloff, Tobias Kienlin, David Liversage, Christine Longworth, Sinéad McCartan, Jan Machnik, Stuart Needham, Peter Northover, Colin Pendleton, Laura Phillips, Francesca Radcliffe, Alison Roberts, Joan Taylor, Eugene Warmenbol and especially Trevor Cowie.

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FAQs

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What explains the absence of imported metal pins in Britain's Migdale assemblage?add

The study shows that metal pins are completely absent from the Migdale assemblage, indicating no direct importation of continental pin designs. All analyzed finds from Britain appear to represent indigenous types.

How did the transition to high-tin bronze differ between Britain and Central Europe?add

Research reveals that Britain adopted high-tin bronze as early as 2200 BC, showing a consistent average tin content of 11.5%. In contrast, most Central European metalwork during Bronze A1 still primarily used copper.

What is the significance of the Dieskau axe in relation to British metalwork?add

The Dieskau axe, distinct for its high tin content of 14%, signifies central European interest in British exports during the Early Bronze Age. Its context among luxury artifacts highlights Britain's role as a source of prestige metal.

When did Central European metalwork begin to exhibit high-tin bronze characteristics?add

Central European metalwork showed increased tin content during the later Bronze A2, primarily between 4% and 10%. Direct comparisons indicate that this increased availability did not occur until significantly after Britain's adoption.

Why were gold lunulae more common in Britain than in Central Europe?add

The research indicates that gold lunulae flourished in Britain while Central European examples were primarily imitations in copper. British lunulae, like those found in Butzbach, had substantial weights, surpassing Central European gold objects.