The Importance of a Global Legal Framework and Digital Technologies in Combating Climate Change (original) (raw)
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International technology-oriented agreements to address climate change
Energy Policy, 2008
Much discussion has surrounded possible alternatives for international agreements on climate change, particularly post-2012. Among these alternatives, technology-oriented agreements (TOAs) are perhaps the least well defined. We explore what TOAs may consist of, why they might be sensible, which TOAs already exist in international energy and environmental governance, and whether they have the potential to make a valuable contribution to addressing climate change. We conclude that TOAs aimed at knowledge sharing and coordination, research, development, or demonstration could increase the overall efficiency and effectiveness of international climate cooperation, but have limited environmental effectiveness on their own. Technologytransfer agreements are likely to have similar properties unless the level of resources expended on them is large, in which case they could be environmentally significant. Technology mandates, standards, or incentives can be environmentally effective, within the applicable sector. However, they are likely to be less cost-effective than broad-based, flexible approaches that place a price on emissions. These results indicate that TOAs have the potential to improve the effectiveness of the global response to climate change. The success of specific TOAs will depend on their design, implementation, and the role they are expected to play relative to other components of the climate policy portfolio.
The Paris Agreement's Technology Framework and the Need for 'Transformational Change'
Carbon & Climate Law Review, 2020
Enhanced technology development and transfer have important roles to play in the achievement of the goals of the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement addresses the need for enhanced technology outcomes, both substantively and procedurally. Substantively, the Agreement endorses a holistic approach to the technology cycle, with a new emphasis on innovation and early-stage deployment. Procedurally, the Agreement channels technology cooperation through transnational institutions by adopting and strengthening the roles of the existing UNFCCC technology bodiesthe Technology Executive Committee (TEC) and Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) (the two components of the UNFCCC Technology Mechanism). The key instrument for implementing these substantive and procedural outcomes is the Technology Framework established in the Paris Agreement, negotiated over three years and adopted by Parties at the 2018 Katowice conference. This article will examine how the Paris Agreement has changed UNFCCC technology governance. It will highlight the significance of the Paris technology provisions, identify the main political and legal considerations in the negotiation of the Technology Framework, and comment on the framework's legal status, substance and implementation, with a focus on the roles of the TEC and CTCN. The article will explore the potential for the Technology Framework to contribute to transnational cooperation and action on climate technology.
Het programma Wetenschappelijke Assessment en Beleidsanalyse Klimaatverandering in opdracht van het ministerie van VROM heeft tot doel: • Het bijeenbrengen en evalueren van relevante wetenschappelijke informatie ten behoeve van beleidsontwikkeling en besluitvorming op het terrein van klimaatverandering; • Het analyseren van voornemens en besluiten in het kader van de internationale klimaatonderhandelingen op hun consequenties. De analyses en assessments beogen een gebalanceerde beoordeling te geven van de stand van de kennis ten behoeve van de onderbouwing van beleidsmatige keuzes. De activiteiten hebben een looptijd van enkele maanden tot maximaal ca. een jaar, afhankelijk van de complexiteit en de urgentie van de beleidsvraag. Per onderwerp wordt een assessment team samengesteld bestaande uit de beste Nederlandse en zonodig buitenlandse experts. Het gaat om incidenteel en additioneel gefinancierde werkzaamheden, te onderscheiden van de reguliere, structureel gefinancierde activiteiten van de deelnemers van het consortium op het gebied van klimaatonderzoek. Er dient steeds te worden uitgegaan van de actuele stand der wetenschap. Doelgroepen zijn de NMP-departementen, met VROM in een coördinerende rol, maar tevens maatschappelijke groeperingen die een belangrijke rol spelen bij de besluitvorming over en uitvoering van het klimaatbeleid. De verantwoordelijkheid voor de uitvoering berust bij een consortium bestaande uit MNP, KNMI, CCB Wageningen-UR, ECN, Vrije Universiteit/CCVUA, UM/ICIS en UU/Copernicus Instituut. Het MNP is hoofdaannemer en fungeert als voorzitter van de Stuurgroep.
Of international trade, climate change, investment and a prosperous future
Trade, Law and Development, Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 405-455, 2020
A transformative, integrated, and holistic approach to sustainability is necessary to reach a prosperous future for all. With growing inequality in the world, demographic changes, rapid technological development, and 40% of the world’s population with no access to digital technology, access to digital technology for all and, ultimately, having a prosperous future is a must today. Doing so will give a voice to the voiceless. For that, governments, companies, and transnational institutions should invest as much as possible to make it happen and provide solutions that are rules-based, inclusive, innovative, disruptive, and simple. We, the citizens, should push for this human right to materialise. That way, everyone will benefit and no one will fall behind. We argue that access to energy, mitigating climate change, and benefiting from international trade and investment, all can be achieved thanks to technological advancement. These global challenges are complex, interconnected, multidimensional, interdependent, and multi-causal.
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As far as sustainability is concerned, the role of technology has always been contested. With regard to environmental degradation, technology is either perceived to be part of the problem or part of the solution. To combat the complex issues of the present time, technological solutions are expected to play a key role towards mitigating and adapting to the negative impacts of climate change. The paper also discusses the role of the 2009 Copenhagen Conference towards addressing climate change. Although the Copenhagen Accord is not a legally binding agreement, it is seen as a necessary first step towards a protocol that will effectively address the issue of climate change.
Transfer of Clean Technology and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
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Today, promoting clean technology and its transfer into developing countries deemed as the best solution for the climate change battle. Technology and its transfer includes more than buying and selling a new product it also includes learning skills and adapting this new technology to local conditions. Many international conferences and multilateral environmental agreements have the unified purpose of increasing usage, development of clean technology. The main ones include the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Hereinafter UNFCC) the Agreement on Trade- Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and World Intellectual Property Organizations. This article only focuses on the UNFCCC and their conference specifically include transfer of technology debates and criticizes these meetings and provides suggestions to promote transfer of technology. OZ Cagimizin en acil cozulmesi gereken sorunu olan iklim degisikligine karsi en etkili cozumun gwlismis ulkelerde...
TRANSFER of CLEAN TECHNOLOGY and UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION on CLIMATE CHANGE 1
Today, promoting clean technology and its transfer into developing countries deemed as the best solution for the climate change battle. Technology and its transfer includes more than buying and selling a new product it also includes learning skills and adapting this new technology to local conditions. Many international conferences and multilateral environmental agreements have the unified purpose of increasing usage, development of clean technology. The main ones include the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and World Intellectual Property Organizations. This article only focuses on the UNFCCC and their conference specifically include transfer of technology debates and criticizes these meetings and provides suggestions to promote transfer of technology.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PARIS AGREEMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE: INITIATIVES AND CHALLENGES
AnVesak, 2022
This paper critically analyses the role of the Paris Agreement in regulating climate change under the framework of the United Nations. Climate change and environmental security are the major security concerns for the International Community in the contemporary world. The rapid industrialisation, burning of fossil fuels and deforestation in the globalised era led to the massive release of green gas emissions caused for global warming, air pollution, floods, migration and water crisis. Even though the United Nations was established in 1945, it failed to focus on environmental security. However, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), United Nations Framework on Conventions of Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol and the recent Paris Agreement are some of the significant initiatives adopted by the international community to protect the environment. The Paris Agreement came into force on 12 December 2015, aiming at a more profound commitment from all the developed and developing countries. However, the United States' decision to withdraw from the deal in 2017 created a misunderstanding between developing and developed countries.
Advancing the Paris Agreement on Climate Change for Sustainable Development
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This article introduces and analyses the sustainable development dimensions of the Paris Agreement on climate change. After nearly seventeen years of deadlock, 197 Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) concluded a new international agreement at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP21) in Paris on 12 December 2015. The Treaty aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty. This article reviews the provisions and principles of the accord, focusing on its potential contributions to sustainable development, and on the opportunities for domestic legal and institutional reform.
Considering technology within the UN climate change negotiations
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009
The treatment of technology within the UNFCCC negotiation process has moved from a relatively marginal subject to one of central importance, and is likely to be critical to ensuring a successful outcome at COP15. The development, deployment and transfer of low-carbon technologies, and overcoming related investment challenges, is, however, an issue considerably wider than the remit and scope of the UNFCCC. Hence there is a need to understand how cooperative action on technology under the Convention can be most effective. The existing UNFCCC technology framework would need to be significantly refined and augmented in order to appropriately address the scale and pace of the low-carbon technology implementation challenge. This paper considers the contours of an enhanced technology framework that could contribute to a future climate change agreement. In doing so, it synthesises aspects of the relevant literature and creates a link to the decision-making process of the UNFCCC.