Introductory Chapter: A Brief Overview of Archaeal Applications (original) (raw)
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Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2020
Archaea are strange but unique beings that have evolutionary relationships with bacteria and eukaryotes and have many unique properties of genotypes and phenotypes that indicate their own evolutionary status. In addition to its presence in the human body, it plays a key role in the ecological cycle of the planet. The metabolic strategies and physiological adaptation of archaea to extreme environments are great. Accurate and Responsive Mechanisms to ensure that Taxis patterns provide the needs of the cell, or the need for Bioremediation strategies that control environmental activities, develops important features in the global ecosystem to develop tools that have great economic and health benefits for Includes human beings. This research emphasizes recent progress in recognizing archaea mechanisms and highlights new insights on structural, environmental and habitat studies.
Archaea Morphology, Physiology ,Biochemistry and Applications
Domain Archaea is a Domain in Carl Woese ‘s three domain classification of living organisms. The domain contains Prokaryotic microorganisms which are adapted for extreme environments. They show vigorous and stable resistance for extreme and catastrophic environments on Earth. They are most primitive type of organisms on Earth. According to microbiologists, their formation was happened nearly 3.5 billion years ago in early young earth with extreme environments (highly energetic atmosphere, UV, extremely high heat, shock waves due to earthquakes). They have been being evolved for 3.5 billion years. Therefore they are the oldest members in phylogeny. That is why they have adapted for extreme conditions.These organisms are living in both aquatic and terrestrial extreme environments
Domain Archaea - Morphology, Physiology, biochemistry, diversity & Industrial Applications
Domain Archaea is a Domain in Carl Woese ‘s three domain classification of living organisms. The domain contains Prokaryotic microorganisms which are adapted for extreme environments. They show vigorous and stable resistance for extreme and catastrophic environments on Earth. They are most primitive type of organisms on Earth. According to microbiologists, their formation was happened nearly 3.5 billion years ago in early young earth with extreme environments (highly energetic atmosphere, UV, extremely high heat, shock waves due to earthquakes). They have been being evolved for 3.5 billion years. Therefore they are the oldest members in phylogeny. That is why they have adapted for extreme conditions.These organisms are living in both aquatic and terrestrial extreme environments
Trends in biotechnology, 1992
The Archaea, designated since 1979 as a separate Super-Kingdom (the highest taxonomic order), are a highly novel group of microorganisms which look much like bacteria but have many molecular and genetic characteristics that are more typical of eukaryotes. These unusual organisms can be conveniently divided according to their 'extreme' environmental niche, into three broad phenotypes: the thermophiles, methanogens and extreme halophiles. Each group has unique biochemical features which can be exploited for use in the biotechnological industries. The extreme molecular stability of thermophile enzymes, the novel C1 pathways of the methanogens and the synthesis of organic polymers by some halophiles are all currently or potentially valuable examples of the biotechnology of the Archaea.
Archaebacteria: ancient organisms with commercial potential
Letters in Applied Microbiology, 1989
The archaebacteria-their phylogeny, their potential From comparisons of rRNA sequences, it has been proposed that the archaebacteria are a phylogenetically distinct group of organisms and thus they constitute a third Kingdom, in addition to the eubacteria (the true bacteria) and the eukaryotes (reviewed in Woese & Wolfe 1985; Woese 1987; Matheson & Dennis 1989). The archaebacteria encompass three basic phenotypes, namely halophilic, thermophilic and methanogenic. Central to this review is the fact that they all live under extreme conditions, typical of the environment thought to exist during early life on earth , and thus the name archaebacteria was suggested. However, the question of their primitive nature is still a matter of debate, although the rRNA sequence analysis does indicate that the archaebacteria are indeed an ancient evolutionary lineage, the oldest branch of which is probably that of the thermoacidophiles. Many biochemical features of the archaebacteria reinforce this proposed distinct phylogeny. These characteristics span a broad range of cellular biochemistry, including the structures of proteins, enzymes, co-enzymes, lipids, ribosomes and cell walls, the pathways of metabolism and the processes of transcription and translation. Some of the features are unique to the archaebacteria, whereas others are typically eubacterial or eukaryotic.
Major players on the microbial stage: why archaea are important
2011
As microbiology undergoes a renaissance, fuelled in part by developments in new sequencing technologies, the massive diversity and abundance of microbes becomes yet more obvious. The Archaea have traditionally been perceived as a minor group of organisms forced to evolve into environmental niches not occupied by their more 'successful' and 'vigorous' counterparts, the bacteria. Here we outline some of the evidence gathered by an increasingly large and productive group of scientists that demonstrates not only that the Archaea contribute significantly to global nutrient cycling, but also that they compete successfully in 'mainstream' environments. Recent data suggest that the Archaea provide the major routes for ammonia oxidation in the environment. Archaea also have huge economic potential that to date has only been fully realized in the production of thermostable polymerases. Archaea have furnished us with key paradigms for understanding fundamentally conserved processes across all domains of life. In addition, they have provided numerous exemplars of novel biological mechanisms that provide us with a much broader view of the forms that life can take and the way in which microorganisms can interact with other species. That this information has been garnered in a relatively short period of time, and appears to represent only a small proportion of what the Archaea have to offer, should provide further incentives to microbiologists to investigate the underlying biology of this fascinating domain.