Some Phenolic Compounds of Lichen Parmotrema Planatilobatum (Hale) Hale (Parmeliaceae) (original) (raw)
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Study on Chemical Constituents of the Lichen Parmotrema Tinctorum (NYL.) Hale (Parmeliaceae)
Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology, 2018
A phytochemical investigation was conducted on a foliose lichen, Parmotrema tinctorum (Nyl.) Hale, collected in Lam Dong province, Vietnam. Colour reactions for identification of lichen substances (+K deep yellow, +C red, +KC red, + P pale yellow) suggested the presence of atranorin, lecanoric acid, quinones, depsides, and xanthones containing two free hydroxyl groups in meta-position. Chemical constituent study led to the isolation of six compounds, including atranol (1), methyl haematomate (2), divaricatinic acid (3), methyl divaricatinate (4), atranorin (5) and lecanoric acid (6). Their structures were confirmed unambiguously by X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic data and compared with those in references.
Study on chemical constituents of the lichen Parmotrema sancti-angelii (Lynge) Hale. (Parmeliaceae)
Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, 2016
Lichens are fungal and algal/cyanobacterial symbioses resulting in the production of specific metabolites. Parmotrema sancti-angelii (Lynge) Hale is a lichen which has not been chemically and biologically studied well. From the lichen collected in Vietnam, colour reactions for identification of lichen substances (+K red, +P yellow, -C, +KC red ) suggested the presence of quinones, depsides and xanthones containing two free hydroxyl groups in meta-position, depsides and depsidones containing an aldehyde group. Chemical constituent study led to the isolation of three compounds, including methyl β-orcinolcarboxylate ( 1 ), salazinic acid ( 2) and atranorin ( 3 ). Their structures were confirmed unambiguously by X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic data and compared with those in references. This is the first report of salazinic acid distribution in such lichen. Keywords. Parmeliaceae, Parmotrema sancti-angelii , X-ray, NMR, salazinic acid.
Phytomedicine, 2012
The aim of this study is to investigate chemical composition of acetone extracts of the lichens Parmelia caperata, P. saxatilis and P. sulcata and antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of some their major metabolites. The phytochemical analysis of acetone extracts of three Parmelia lichens were determined by HPLC-UV method. The predominant phenolic compounds in these extracts were protocetraric and usnic acids (P. caperata) and depsidone salazinic acid (other two species). Besides these compounds, atranorin and chloroatranorin, were also detected in some of these extracts. Antioxidant activity of their isolated metabolites was evaluated by free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and reducing power. As a result of the study salazinic acid had stronger antioxidant activity than protocetraric acid. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. Both compounds were highly active with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.015 to 1 mg/ml. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. Salazinic acid and protocetraric acid were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC 50 values ranging from 35.67 to 60.18 g/ml. The present study shows that tested lichen compounds demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggest that these lichens can be used as new sources of the natural antimicrobial agents, antioxidants and anticancer compounds.
Phytochemical investigation of therapeutic important lichen: Parmelia perlata
Phytochemical examination on the petroleum ether extract of lichen Parmelia perlata led to the isolation of tridecyl myristate (I), 3-ketooleanane (II), icosan-1-ol (III) and (+) usnic acid (IV). Compounds I-III are isolated first time from this lichen. The structure of these compounds was elucidated on the basis of different spectroscopic techniques.
2017
Parmotrema tinctorum is an edible lichen used as a spice for flavouring food. In Kerala, southern part of India, its occurrence is reported in the evergreen/sub-tropical forests at an altitude of 750-2300m especially in Wayanad and Idukki districts. Despite large collection from the forests of Kerala for use as spice, the reports on its nutritional composition is meager. In the present study, the phytochemical screening and evaluation of proximate composition of edible lichen viz. Parmotrema tinctorum (Nyl.) Hale (Parmeliaceae) was carried out. Phytochemical screening of P.tinctorum extracts showed presence of carbohydrates, phenols, flavanoids, tannins, terpenoids, coumarins and saponins. The powdered lichen was subjected for proximate analysis to estimate moisture, ash, total fat, total carbohydrate, crude protein and crude fibre. P. tinctorum exhibited high content of ash, crude fibre and crude protein indicating the nutritional benefits of this lichen.
2016
800x600 Two major depsidones protocetraric acid (1) , 8’-O-methylprotocetraric acid (2) , virensic acid ( 3 ), two aliphatic acids (+)-prasorediosic acid (4) , (+)-vinaprasorediosic acid A (5) , and along with common lichen metabolites atranorin (6) , methyl haematommate (7) , methyl β-orsellinate (8) , methyl orsellinate (9) , zeorin (10) were isolated from the lichen Parmotrema tsavoense (Krog & Swinscow) Krog & Swinscow. Their chemical structures were established by 1D NMR, 2D NMR, high resolution ESI–MS spectroscopic analysis and comparison with those reported in the literatures. The lichen Parmotrema tsavoense has not been studied on phytochemistry. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-pa...
Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2019
lichens may serve as the important source of such natural products with diverse applications. 9,10 What makes researchers more interested in studying lichens is the presence of unique secondary metabolites. Most of the lichen secondary metabolites are only found in lichens so also called as lichen acids. Some of the important lichen acids identified are usnic acid, evernic acid, barbatic acid, diffractaic acid, physodic acid and many more. 11,12 Many researchers had studied about the bioactive properties like antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-viral activities of different lichens and their secondary metabolites. 13-15 The main purpose of this research was to evaluate different bioactive properties such as antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of two different lichens U. longissima and P. nepalensis of Parmeliaceae family collected from Himalayan region of Nepal. Although both lichens from different locations have been studied for their chemical constituents 16,17 and bioactive properties. 18-20 Till now, research works on these lichens from Sagarmatha National Park area of Solukhumbu District of Nepal were not reported. Materials and Methods Collection of Lichens Both lichens U. longissima and P. nepalensis were collected from Sagarmatha National Park of Solukhumbu District of Nepal during the month of June-July, 2016 and identified scientifically by Prof. Dr.
Biological activities of four Parmotrema species of Malaysian origin and their chemical constituents
journal of applied pharmaceutical science, 2016
The present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of acetone and methanol extracts of lichen (Parmotrema praesorediosum, P. rampoddense, P. tinctorum and P. reticulatum) and isolated chemical constituents which are praesorediosic acid, protocetraric acid, usnic acid, α-collatolic acid, βalectoronic acid, atranorin and chloroatranorin. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using broth dilution method. Acetone extracts (except for P. reticulatum) showed good inhibitory activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis with MIC values ranging from 500-125 µg/mL, whereas, no activity was observed for the methanol extracts. Extracts exhibited zero inhibitory activity against E. coli. The antioxidant ability was measured using a DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay. Only methanol extract of P. praesorediosum exhibited more than 50% scavenging activity. Among the isolates, usnic acid exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis with MIC value 7.81 µg/mL. Praesorediosic acid and protocetraric acid isolates exclusively inhibited E. coli at concentration 125 µg/mL and displayed results exceeding 50% scavenging activity (57.57% and 63.97%, respectively). Hitherto, it is the first evaluation of antibacterial activity on lichens of Malaysian origin and to our knowledge; the first reported study on the biological activity of praesorediosic acid and Parmotrema rampoddense.
Lekovite sirovine, 2018
Lichens represent a promising source of antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant agents. Their great pharmacological potential lies in the fact that they represent specific symbiotic organisms and thus possess natural roles allowing them to be highly adaptable to different environmental conditions. On the other hand, stated biological activities of lichens with prospective medicinal significance may be connected to their long-term use in the traditional treatment of various ailments. Genus Usnea from the Parmeliaceae family is certainly one of the best studied in terms of chemical composition and biological properties of its extracts and/or isolated compounds. In the first part of the study, a detailed review of the literature has been performed yielding a detailed report on the investigations of biological activities of the lichens belonging to this genus. In the second part of the study, the chemical composition of the lichens from the genus was described and, additionally, a survey of the biological properties of the most representative secondary metabolites in these lichens has been reported. It could be concluded that the extracts and/or isolated compounds from the lichens belonging to the genus Usnea may be considered a valuable source of prospective drug candidates with potential clinical relevance.
Parmeliaceae family: phytochemistry, pharmacological potential and phylogenetic features
RSC Adv., 2014
Parmeliaceae is the largest family of lichenized fungi comprising about 2700 species distributed in about 80 genera. A wide array of secondary metabolites including depsides, depsidones, aliphatic acids, triterpenes, anthraquinones, secalonic acids, pulvinic acid derivatives and xanthones have been identified within this family. Many of these bioactive compounds such as usnic acid and atranorin are exclusively found in this family, being of great relevance for the systematics and phylogeny. Moreover, these compounds exert different biological roles including antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and enzyme inhibitory actions. The current review focuses on the phytochemistry and main phylogenetic aspects of Parmeliaceae, and it discusses the pharmacological findings and mechanisms of action of their extracts and isolated compounds. The present work actually collects information related to more than 65 lichen species (from 21 different genuses and heterogeneous distribution) and 75 isolated metabolites. As reported, the best studied genus from a pharmacological point of view is Parmelia, followed by Usnea. At the species level, Cetraria islandica and Evernia prunastri attract remarkable interest in their bioactive activities and metabolite content. The major pharmacological activities investigated on extracts and compounds from Parmeliaceae spp. have been antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant potentials; and regarding isolated compounds, the aforementioned usnic acid and atranorin are among the most studied metabolites. Reviewed data suggest that some of these lichens and natural compounds are worthy of further investigation.