Hidden visual capabilities in mentally retarded subjects diagnosed as deaf—blind (original) (raw)

Acuity card testing of retarded children

Behavioural Brain Research, 1987

Evaluating the vision of retarded children is important, but it is often very difficult because the children cannot cooperate with the usual symbol recognition acuity tests. A total of 33 unselected children with Down's syndrome were tested with a standard symbol recognition test (~sterberg) and with a new test using acuity cards, which contain black and white square-wave gratings. The acuity cards were found to be useful for testing this group, both in terms of the children's ability to cooperate with the test and the test-retest variability of the results. Although eyes with strabismic amblyopia showed better acuity for gratings than for symbols, there was general agreement with symbol recognition acuities of the same patients. Acuity cards were also used to test 19 severely retarded young children with cerebral palsy, who were unable to be tested with symbols. Acuity card tests were almost always possible with this group, too, though test-retest variability was greater for these children. Acuity card testing can provide useful information about the visual acuity of many retarded children in less than 10 minutes.

Psychometric test for blind adults and children, critical issues and perspectives

International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología.

In literature a paucity of issues to measure cognitive functioning in the blinds is available (Rich, Anderson, 1965; Pichot, 1968; Newland, 1969; Vander Kolk, 1977; Nelson, Joyce, Dias, 2002) but in these reviews it is clear that they are not yet widely available without further support for research and development. This is particularly true for blind children. The purpose of the current study is to provide a proposal version of some of the Visual Performance Subtests adapted to blind children.

Assessment of Visual Perception in Students with Special Educational Needs

This article presents the results acquired from the assessment of the visual perception in students with special educational needs. The research cov­ered in total 85 students, out of which 20 with vis­ual impairment, 45 with mild mental retardation and 20 with cerebral palsy. To assess the visual perception we have used the MVPT-R (Motor-free visual perception test-revised). The research data shows that the students have statistically lower visual perceptive age than their chronological age indicates.

Comparison of visual assessment tests in multiply handicapped children

Eye, 1995

The aims of this study were to compare acuity estimates achieved with visual evoked potential (VEP) and acuity card techniques and to examine the success rates of each test in a group of multiply handicapped children. Subjects were 52 children (3-183 months) with multiple handicaps associated with prematurity (n = 17), congenital anomalies (n = 16), hypoxic insult (n = 10) and other disorders (n = 9). Success rates for completing the tests were: YEP 88% and acuity cards 85% (Keeler or Cardiff). The acuity card tests were less likely to be successfully completed in the severely disabled (p<0.05) and in those children with nystagmus (p<0.05). When both acuity cards were successful, results agreed to within ±1.75 octaves. Acuity card thresholds were significantly correlated with YEP thresholds (p<0.02), but thresholds achieved with VEPs were better in children with poor vision.

Use of the acuity card method to test retarded children in special schools

Child: Care, Health and Development, 1988

Acuity cards were used to measure the visual acuity of students at a special school for retarded children, including some who were profoundly retarded and spastic. Almost all children could be tested by two testers on each of two days, and the agreement between different tests was good for children with acuities better than 0-2. Children with poorer acuities had poorer agreement between different test results. High success rate in testing and generally good inter-test agreement indicate that acuity cards can be used in a special school setting to obtain information about the vision of retarded children, who are much more likely than other ehildren to suffer from poor vision.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MENTAL ABILITY OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED AND NORMAL CHILDREN

The paper highlights the main findings of the comparative study conducted to evaluate mental ability of visually impaired children with normal children. The study is based on intensive interaction of the author with the teachers, students, parents and authorities of the normal as well as the visually impaired children through observations, standardized testing techniques, and reflective interview schedules. This paper may enlighten the parents and teachers on different methods of handling the visually impaired children and will also provide insight to the teachers, parents and supportive staff to follow integrated, supportive and accommodative approach while providing educational facilities at various levels in school education. Additionally, the findings of the study will also enhance the general awareness of the reader and will help in sensitizing the readers in general and teachers in particular towards the special learning needs of visually impaired children.

Status of visual and ocular disorder in peoples with mental retardation

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2020

Aim: To evaluate visual and ocular disorder in peoples with mental retardation. Background: The vision plays a vital role development of cooperate actions such as language, interpreting facial expressions and abilities requiring hand eye co-ordination. The mental retardation people are difficult to evaluate, requiring patience, skills and a broader range of investigatory instruments than normal people. The visual problems of mentally retarded people are often ignored as they cannot express their feelings by their own. There have been several studies which reported ocular and visual disorders in mental disorder peoples. Objectives: To analyse the status of vision in peoples with mental retardation and also to determine the prevalence of ocular defects in peoples with mild, moderate and severe mental retardation attending special educational schools. Materials and methods: A total of 150 institutionalized peoples with mental retardation in the mean age group of 21.07± 8.228 years unde...

Visual performance and ocular abnormalities in deaf children and young adults: a literature review

Acta Ophthalmologica, 2013

Visual defects are common in deaf individuals. Refractive error and ocular motor abnormalities are frequently reported, with hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and anomalies of binocular vision, all showing a greater prevalence in deaf individuals compared with the general population. Near visual function in deaf individuals has been relatively neglected in the literature to date. Comparisons between studies are problematic due to differences in methodology and population characteristics. Any untreated visual defect has the potential to impair the development of language, with consequences for education more generally, and there is a need to improve screening and treatments of deaf children.