Göçebe ve Kent Kültürünün Etkileşimine Bir Örnek Olarak 19. Yüzyılın İkinci Yarısında Fergana Vadisi (original) (raw)

2024, XIX. TÜRK TARİH KONGRESİ BİLDİRİLERİ Ankara: 3-7 Ekim 2022

The Fergana Valley, which has been home to various societies for centuries, is a geography where di erent cultures living together are integrated. The valley, as distinct from the surrounding areas in terms of both soil structure and climatic conditions, has fed the geography of Turkestan for centuries. The valley where the Chinese produced grapes to make wine in the early ages became an oasis where di erent agricultural products were grown over time. Following the arrival of the Turks at the valley as early as BC 7th century, animal husbandry began to be practiced alongside agriculture and the valley went down in history as the "Land of Blood Sweating Horses". The Turks, who adopted the nomadic lifestyle, brought this culture over to the geographies they went to. The Turks, settling on the slopes of the Fergana Valley, have comfortably maintained animal husbandry, which is an indispensable part of nomadic life, for centuries. A vast number of cities established on the plains of the valley mingled di erent ethnic elements together with the trade route passing herein. The urban culture in these cities contributed to creating a mosaic where di erent civilizations came together. Nomads living on the slopes of the valley  ocked to the city markets to sell their animals. The nomads, who obtained the tools and agricultural products they needed from the markets, participated in trade without being excluded by the citizens of the city. Di erent crafts were also practiced in the cities of Fergana, which advanced with the in uence of trade and grew greatly in numbers. The reputation of the craftsmen of Fergana, who were especially skilled in copper work, spread well beyond the region. A large number of Russian immigrants were brought to the valley, which was occupied by the Russians in the second half of the 19th century, resulting in signi cant changes in the cultural structure of the valley in a short time. However, they did not interfere too much with the harmonious lifestyles of nomads and urbanites. In this study, the mutual interaction between Nomadic and Urban culture, which was shaped over the centuries in the Fergana Valley and became clearly visible in the period when the Russians ruled the valley, will be examined.