Lead (Pb2+) adsorption by monodispersed magnetite nanoparticles: Surface analysis and effects of solution chemistry (original) (raw)
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Synthesis, Characterization of Magnetite Nanoparticles and Their Role in Lead Adsorption
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP)
Industrialization has revolutionized the quality of life but also led to the increase in environmental pollution in the form of industrial waste. The effluents released from the industries include toxic compounds which get accumulated in soil and persist for years if not treated properly. These persisting, nondegradable compounds include the heavy metals which are mostly released into the soil from electronic industries in the form of E-waste. Electronic industries are the fast growing industries and the amount of the waste released from them is considerably high. Most of the electronic goods are made of heavy metals like Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), etc., of which Lead is an important metal found in most of the electronic goods which is highly toxic. The metal leaches into the soil if not processed properly and leads to contamination of soil thereby affecting the lives of flora and fauna on earth. To prevent this the present study focused on the use of nanotechnology in the removal of Lead from contaminated soils. Magnetite nanoparticles are used for Lead adsorption. The unique property of high affinity of magnetite nanoparticles towards cations enables a better adsorption of Lead by the nanoparticles.The current study focuses on the application of Magnetite nanoparticles in reducing Lead toxicity by adsorption technique. The nanoparticles exhibited a higher rate of metal removal upto 2500ppm. X ray diffraction study revealed the size of the magnetite nanoparticle to be 4.3nm. The structure of the nanoparticle was determined by Scanning electron Microscope and Transmission electron microscope.
Silica-Coated Magnetic Nanocomposites for Pb2+ Removal from Aqueous Solution
Applied Sciences, 2020
Magnetic iron oxide-silica shell nanocomposites with different iron oxide/silica ratio were synthesized and structurally characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle neutron scattering, magnetic and N2-sorption studies. The composite that resulted with the best properties in terms of contact surface area and saturation of magnetization was selected for Pb2+ adsorption studies from aqueous media. The material presented good absorption capacity (maximum adsorption capacity 14.9 mg·g−1) comparable with similar materials presented in literature. Its chemico-physical stability and adsorption capacity recommend the nanocomposite as a cheap adsorbent material for lead.
Magnetite Oxide Nanomaterial Used for Lead Ions Removal from Industrial Wastewater
Materials, 2021
The aim of this article is to present a nonconventional method for the efficient removal of lead ions from industrial wastewater. For this purpose, magnetite nanomaterial was used, which was very easily separated from the wastewater at the end of the treatment due to its magnetic properties. Currently, nanotechnology is an efficient and inexpensive manner that is being researched for wastewater treatment. Additionally, iron oxide nanoparticles are widely used to remove heavy metal ions from water due to their special properties. The experimental results detailed in this article show the influence of pH and contact time on the process of adsorption of lead ions from wastewater. The magnetite nanomaterial had its maximum efficiency of speed when the wastewater had pH 6. At a lower pH, the highest treatment efficiency was over 85%, and the required contact time has doubled. When the pH increases above 6, the precipitation process occurs. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to desc...
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2014
Background Lead is one of the hazardous materials which is associated with pollution and toxicity problems. This paper describes a novel approach for removal of lead from wastewater. Although naked magnetic nanoparticles have been applied for removal of different pollutants from wastewater, there was no research on employment of covalently PEG modified magnetic nanoparticles for such purpose. Results A magnetic nano-adsorbent was prepared by chemically modification of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for removal of lead ions. The surface of MNPs was coated covalently with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and PEG. Modified MNPs (MNPs-APTES-PEG) were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and particle size analysis. Compared to the oleic acid coated MNPs, MNPs-APTES-PEG exhibited significant higher uptake capability for Pb(II) ions. The effective parameters on the extent of adsorption (time, temperature, Pb(II) concentration, contact time and pH) were studi...
ACS Omega
Lead has been a burgeoning environmental pollutant used in industrial sectors. Therefore, to emphasize the reactivity of lead toward magnetite nanoparticles for their removal, the present study was framed to analyze mechanisms involved in adsorption of lead. Batch adsorption studies have shown remarkable adsorption efficiency with only a 10 mg adsorbent dose used to extract 99% Pb 2+ (110 mg L −1) within 40 min at pH 6. Isothermal, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies were conducted, and the equilibrium data was best fit for the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum of 41.66 mg g −1 adsorption capacity at 328 K. Moreover, a pseudo second order was followed for adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) that were calculated and revealed the spontaneous, feasible, and exothermic nature of the process.
Scientific Reports
L-Cysteine functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (L-Cyst-Fe 3 O 4 NPs) were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation using Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ as iron precursors, sodium hydroxide as a base and L-Cysteine as functionalized agent. The structural and morphological studies were carried out using X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectrophotometric techniques. The zeta potential of bare Fe 3 O 4 and functionalized L-Cyst-Fe 3 O 4 NPs were +28 mV and −30.2 mV (pH 7.0), respectively. The positive surface charge changes to negative imply the presence of L-Cyst monolayer at particle interface. Band gap energy of 2.12 eV [bare Fe 3 O 4 NPs] and 1.4 eV [L-Cyst-Fe 3 O 4 NPs] were obtained. Lead and chromium removal were investigated at different initial pHs, contact time, temperatures and adsorbate-adsorbent concentrations. Maximum Cr 6+ and Pb 2+ removal occurred at pH 2.0 and 6.0, respectively. Sorption dynamics data were best described by pseudo-second order rate equation. Pb 2+ and Cr 6+ sorption equilibrium data were best fitted to Langmuir equation. Langmuir adsorption capacities of 18.8 mg/g (Pb 2+) and 34.5 mg/g (Cr 6+) at 45 °C were obtained. Regeneration of exhausted L-Cyst-Fe 3 O 4 NPs and recovery of Pb 2+ /Cr 6+ were demonstrated using 0.01 M HNO 3 and NaOH. L-Cyst-Fe 3 O 4 NPs stability and reusability were also demonstrated. Heavy metals' presence above their prescribed limits in water bodies imprints toxic effects to the aquatic life and human health 1, 2. Mining, agricultural and technological applications are common anthropogenic inputs of heavy metals exposure to human beings 2, 3. Lead and chromium are commonly used heavy metals associated with toxic poisoning even at low concentrations and bear no biological benefit to humans 1, 3. Common sources of lead include effluents from battery manufacturing, steel industries, painting pigment, fuels, photographic materials, aeronautical, automobile, explosive manufacturing, and coating industries 4, 5. Accumulation of lead in humans can cause cancer, kidney diseases, memory problems and high blood pressure, premature birth, brain damage, hearing loss, learning disabilities and a lower IQ level in children 6-8. Chromium is a toxic heavy metal and exists mainly in two oxidation states in water i.e. Cr (III) and Cr (VI) 9. Cr (VI) species is more toxic than Cr (III). Cr (VI) a toxic, carcinogenic and highly soluble in aqueous systems 10. Electroplating, leather tanning, mining, metal processing and film processing are common anthropogenic sources of chromium introduce to water bodies 9, 10. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a permissible limit of 0.1 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L for lead and chromium, respectively 9. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommends a maximum permissible limit of 0.1 mg/L and 0.015 mg/L for lead and chromium in drinking water, respectively. Common methods employed for aqueous lead and chromium removal include electrochemical technique, reverse osmosis, membrane filtration, ion-exchange and adsorption 11-14. Adsorption is a simple, economical and effective method for aqueous contaminants removal 15. Adsorbents including activated carbons 15 , clay minerals 16
Clean, Soil, Air, Water
Magnetic separation technology has been extensively used in the field of environmental problems, due to solving difficulties resulted from filtration and centrifuging. In this study, powder activated carbon (PAC) was magnetized by magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4@C) as an adsorbent for lead ions (Pb2+) from aqueous solution. The characteristics of the modified PAC were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted as a function of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial Pb2+ concentration and solution temperature. The equilibrium isotherm and kinetic models were used to evaluate the fitness of the experimental data. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of Pb2+ was 71.42 mg/g at 50°C. It could also be shown that the sorption isotherms were well described by the Langmuir equilibrium model. The kinetic of the adsorption process was found to follow the pseudo-second-order model expression. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Desorption experiments exhibited that the Fe3O4@C had a good potential in regard to regeneration and reusability and is easily regenerated by HCl solution. The proposed adsorption process can be a promising technique for Pb2+ removal from aqueous solutions and to be used in full-scale and industrial applications.
Removal of Lead Contaminants with -Fe 2 O 3 Nanocrystals
Fe 2 O 3 (maghemite) nanocrystals were synthesized by co-precipitation method at room temperature have been used to remove Pb +2 from aqueous solutions. The prepared of this sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD patterns indicated the maghemite structure of average particle size of ∼12 nm, which was further confirmed by the FESEM images of the-Fe 2 O 3 nanosrystals. Magnetic saturation of synthesized maghemite was found to be 68.4 emu g −1. Adsorption experiments were tested for pH of the solutions, contact time and initial concentration of metal ions. The kinetic data of adsorption of heavy metal ions on the surface of the synthesized nano-adsorbent was described by a pseudo-second order equation. The adsorption equilibrium study exhibited that the heavy metal ions adsorption of maghemite nanocrystals followed a Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. Pb 2+ adsorption equilibrium data were best fitted to Langmuir equation and maximum adsorp-tion capacity of 25 mg g −1 was obtained. This work demonstrates that the synthesized-Fe 2 O 3 nanocrystals can be considered as prospective nano-adsorbent.
Iraqi Journal of Science
To study the removal of lead (Pb) ions from aqueous solutions, novel magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) of Ni0.31Mg0.15Ag0.04Fe2.5O4 were synthesized by coprecipitation synthesis using metal sulfates, and then coated with Gum Arabic (GA). The prepared NPs were analyzed using various spectroscopic and analytical methods, such as X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). By using XRD analysis, the cubic inverse spinel structure of the prepared NPs was proven, showing average values of crystallite size, lattice constant, and density of 28.57nm, 8.32582Å, and 5.2890 g/cm3, respectively. FE-SEM analysis revealed the sphere-like shape of the nanoparticles with a measured crystallite size of 25.93nm. The existence of constituent elements was evidenced by EDX. FT-IR test proved the success of the coating process...