Immobilization of rhodamine 6G in calcium alginate microcapsules based on aromatic–aromatic interactions with poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (original) (raw)
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The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2010
The interaction between rhodamine 6G and different polyelectrolytes is analyzed. Structural aspects differentiate these polyelectrolytes, such as the presence of aromatic groups and the number and localization of their respective charges, which may be directly attached to the aromatic groups or to the polymeric main chain. In the case of poly(sodium acrylate), which does not bear aromatic groups, the polyelectrolyte induces cooperative self-stacking between the dyes which is highly sensitive to the ionic strength, due to the predominance of long-range electrostatic interactions between the polymer and the dye. In the case of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), whose charge is directly attached to the aromatic groups, a high dispersant ability of the dyes is found and the interaction is less dependent on the ionic strength, due to the predominance of shortrange aromatic-aromatic interactions between the dye and the polymer. Among the two polyelectrolytes studied for which the polymeric charge is directly attached to the main chain, and separated from the aromatic group, poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) shows a lower dependence of the interaction on the ionic strength than poly(N-phenylmaleimide-co-acrylic acid) at a comonomer composition of 1:2, due to a higher linear aromatic density and a lower linear charge density, indicating the importance of hydrophobic forces. Both copolymers exhibit a high ability to induce cooperative self-aggregation of the dye.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2014
The immobilization of the hydrophilic low molecular-weight cationic molecules rhodamine 6G, methylene blue, and citidine in nanoparticles composed of two opposite charged polyelectrolytes, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) and chitosan, is studied, and the results correlated with their physicochemical properties. Nanoparticles containing both polyelectrolytes have been synthesized showing hydrodynamic diameters of around 200 nm and tunable zeta potential. It was found that the strength of binding of the cationic molecules to the polyanion bearing charged aromatic groups poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) by means of short-range aromatic−aromatic interactions increases with their hydrophobicity and polarizability, as seen by 1 H NMR and UV−vis spectroscopies, and diafiltration. Consequently, association efficiencies of 45, 21, and 12% have been found for the three molecules, respectively, revealing the different ability of the molecules to be immobilized in the nanoparticles. These results provide a proof of concept on a new strategy of immobilization of hydrophilic low molecular-weight molecules based on aromatic−aromatic interactions between polyelectrolytes and their aromatic counterions.
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 2011
ABSTRACT Reverse-micelle-like CAMs derived from HPEI, which exist as either aggregates or unimolecular micelles, show selectivity upon the encapsulation of water-soluble and ionic dyes. For rigid dyes, the encapsulating ability is very weak, while for less rigid ones, the encapsulation is dependent on their electronic properties. Through electronic engineering of the CAM, the complementary CAM/dye interaction strengths can be greatly favored or disfavored. Electronic engineering of the CAM can also exert a non-linear effect on the guest affinities and thus amplify the difference of the competitive guest species and further lead to highly selective encapsulations. Even if one dye species is complexed by another dye species, highly selective encapsulation can still be realized by a CAM.
Interactions between dyes and polyelectrolytes: Effect of polymer–polymer interactions
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1984
The competition between methyl orange dye and various polymers [gelatin, poly(viny1 alcohol), polyacrylamide, etc.] for the binding sites on quaternised poly(l-vinylimidazole) in aqueous solutions was studied. The method used was based on a well-known effect of dissolved polyelectrolytes on the rate of diffusion of solutes through semipermeable membranes. The final results are expressed as the ratio of C('(bound)l C;(bound), where C:'fbound) is the amount of the solute adsorbed to a mixture of two polymers and Ci(bound) is the amount of solute bound to a single polymer. In the case of quaternized poly(l-vinylimidazole) it was found that as much as 15% of the solute bound to the polymer can be replaced by another, "nonadsorbing" polymer.
Microencapsulation of Organic Dyes Into the Hybrid Layers Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
2010
Inorganic-organic hybrid polymers of the type Ormocer (ORganically MOdified CERamics) belong to new hi-tech material. Inorganic-organic hybrid layers on base 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate were experimentally prepared by modificate sol-gel method. Layers were prepared for various substrates (polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, glass, corundum ceramics) and have had good chemical resistence from inorganic acids, hydroxides and organic solvents. Beside pure hybrid layers, there were also prepared nanocomposite layers with encapsulated textile organic dyes. The textile samples were carried out tests-the durability of the washing, sublimation and xenotest (light stability).
Polyelectrolyte–Dye Interactions: An Overview
Polymers, 2022
Polyelectrolytes are polymers with repeating units of ionizable groups coupled with counterions. Recently, polyelectrolytes have drawn significant attention as highly promising macromolecular materials with potential for applications in almost every sector of our daily lives. Dyes are another class of chemical compounds that can interact with substrates and subsequently impart color through the selective absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range. This overview begins with an introduction to polyelectrolytes and dyes with their respective definitions, classifications (based on origin, molecular architecture, etc.), and applications in diverse fields. Thereafter, it explores the different possible interactions between polyelectrolytes and dyes, which is the main focus of this study. The various mechanisms involved in dye–polyelectrolyte interactions and the factors that influence them are also surveyed. Finally, these discussions are summarized, and their future perspectives are presented.
Central European Journal of Chemistry, 2011
This paper describes the preparation and characterization of poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) colloidal particles loaded with the organic fluorophore Rhodamine 6G. We studied the physicochemical properties of the colloidal particles: morphology, size-distribution, ζ-potential, fluorescent properties and photobleaching upon UV-light illumination. The properties of the obtained colloidal particles, as well as the dye loading efficiency, were found to depend on the concentrations of ethyl cyanoacrylate monomer and Rhodamine 6G in the polymerization medium. The fluorophore release from the colloidal particles in aqueous buffer is also studied.
Bioelectrochemistry
The electrostatic interactions between dicephalic-type surfactants: cationic, N,N-bis[3,3′-(trimethylammonio)propyl]dodecanamide dimethylsulphate (C12(TAPAMS)2) and anionic, disodium N-dodecyliminodiacetate (C12(COONa)2) with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, natural, λ-carrageenan (CAR) and synthetic, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) were investigated at the oil/water interface by interfacial tension measurements to obtain the most stable anchor layer of polymeric shells of nanocapsules obtained via LbL method. All nanocarriers coated with further λ-carrageenan/poly-l-lysine (CAR/PLL) bilayers were created on the nanoemulsion templates loaded with hydrophobic cyanine-type photosensitizer, IR-786. To evaluate progress of the layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes on the liquid core and nanocapsules' stability, zeta potential measurements were used. Size (< 100 nm) and morphology of the obtained nanoproducts were examined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The in vitro release profile features were studied spectrophotometrically and interpreted in terms of diffusion-controlled processes, proving that selection for the first shell layer of an appropriate ionic surfactant and polyelectrolyte type and their strong interactions are the most desirable features for fabrication of long sustained nanocapsules encapsulating a hydrophobic photosensitizer.► Diffusion-controlled release of IR-786 from multilayer long-sustained oil-core nanocapsules. ► Electrostatic interactions between dicephalic ionic surfactants with PEs at the oil/water interface. ► Fabrication of oil-core nanocapsules via layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption. ► Stability, sizing, morphology and permeability of cyanine-loaded multilayer nanocarriers.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009
Interactions between some dis-azo dyes, different by either the position of their sulfonic groups or their number (Ponceau SS, Crocein Scarlet MOO, Congo Red, and Direct Blue 1), and some strong polycations (PCs), with cationic centers in their side chains and dye removal from artificial wastewaters were systematically investigated in this study. PCs with variable charge densities (CDs) were prepared from poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) by controlled quaternization with benzyl chloride. Even when the main process in the dye removal was charge neutralization (coagulation) for all of the dyes, significant effects of the CD and dis-azo dye structure on the metachromatic behavior of the dyes in dilute aqueous solutions and on the dye removal efficiency were observed. The stability of the PC/azo dye complex and, connected with this, the flocculation window were higher when the PC with the highest CD was used.
Acta Polymerica, 1999
Formation of the polycation/dye complexes by the interaction between polycations with (N,N-dimethyl-2-hydroxypropylene ammonium chloride) units in the main chain and three anionic dyes with two, three and six sulfonic groups (Crystal Ponceau 6R, Ponceau 4R and Direct Red 80) confirmed the chromotropic properties of these polycations and gave information on the influence of the polycation and the dye structure on the stability of the polycation/dye complex. The interaction between polycations and dyes and the stoichiometry of the polycation/dye complexes were followed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry and viscometry. The presence of the nonpolar side chains in polycation structure did not increase the ability to bind these dyes. The stability of the polycation/dye complexes increased with the increase of the content of quaternary ammonium salt groups in the main chain and with the increase of the sulfonic group number of the dye.