A Sociological Study on Affected People by the İzmi̇r Earthquake: Analysis of Social Awareness in Relation to the Earthquake (original) (raw)
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TURKAV, 2023
An earthquake is the most destructive among natural disasters due to the damage it causes both materially and spiritually. About 20 million people living in 17 provinces and their districts were affected by 3 separate earthquakes of magnitude 7.7-7.6 and 6.4 experienced in Turkey on February 6-20, 2023. These settlements are of great importance for the country. As a result of this great disaster, more than 50 thousand of our people living in the region lost their lives, while the other individuals became victims of the earthquake by moving away from their previous lives due to their material and spiritual losses. The aim of our research is to provide an examination of the behavioral tendencies of people who are earthquake victims. Within the scope of this purpose, we compared personality sub-dimensions, dominant intelligence types and preferred communication channels with individuals who were not earthquake victims to provide a holistic view of people's behavioral tendencies. We obtained the data of the study from 1026 people (417 earthquake victims, 609 non-earthquake victims) reached via the Internet through the ‘Behavioral AdaptationAnalysis Scale’ developed by Aglar and Dilci (2022). According to the findings of the study, we found that people who were earthquake victims had lower scores in the thinking, violent tendency, and neurotic sub-dimensions of personality, while they had higher scores in the responsibility, justice, and communication sub-dimensions of personality. In the intelligence dimensions, we found that earthquake victims have lower scores in visual/spatial, naturalistic, and bodily/kinesthetic sub-dimensions. In relation to communication channels, we observed that earthquake victims have lower scores in auditory, visual, and tactile sub-dimensions compared to other individuals. According to the findings of the research, to better help individuals who are earthquake victims, we recommend conducting studies that improve the visual/ spatial, naturalistic, and bodily/kinesthetic, communication channel auditory and visual sub-dimensions of thought from personality sub-dimensions, intelligence type sub-dimensions.
Social component in earthquake risk mitigation / Deprem Risklerinin Azaltılmasında Toplumsal Bileşen
itüdergisi/a, 2011
It is an inevitable necessity to provide social par-ticipation when the society is the subject itself. Such a process, from which the subject is excluded, will unfortunately cause a variety of problems as the existing experience confirms. This study aims to determine the preferences and priorities of the households in the selected area of high risk, based on the concepts of social peace and justice as part of urban renewal projects focus-ing on earthquake risk mitigation. In order to reach this aim and to collect data for setting up the model, a case study of households has been conducted comprising three quarters of Bakırkoy district (Yeni, Sakızagaci,Cevizlik). The area is situated on the west coast of Istanbul along the Marmara Sea, just across the most forbidding and well-known fault zone of the country, where a catastrophic earthquake is expected within dec-ades, one or two. According to several risk assess-ment projects such as the JICA report of Disaster Prevention/Mitigation Basic Plan Including Seis-mic Microzonation (JICA, 2002), and Earthquake Master Plan for Istanbul (IDMP, 2003), along with a lot of academic research conducted by Turkish universities, the area is one of the most risky zones of Istanbul in terms of soil structure and the weak earthquake resistance of the old building stock.. The case study may be considered as a unique so-cial research within the literature investigation. It has been found out that there is no other social re-search in the country matching the extent or the content of this one, while international practice is either characterized by its own features or focuses on specific points rather than examining the subject holistically. By its unique nature, the study has been designed as the social component of a probable future earth-quake mitigation plan, which exceeds the current physical planning approach, by its multi-disciplinal and multi-componential structure consisting of so-cial, legal, administrative, political, financial, technical, and environmental aspects. In this sense, this study puts forward a new method to provide social participation in urban renewal implementa-tions, which particularly focus on risk mitigation, and presents a useful tool for the risk management process as the prior phase of disaster management. The data have been collected by a public survey, which is based on a questionnaire particularly de-signed to gather information from the households on a variety of subjects including knowledge about natural disasters and earthquake, risk perception, readiness to the anticipated earthquake, opinions on policies of risk and hazard mitigation, demo-graphic data about the household, and building data. The survey has been conducted by means of face to face interviews at the residences, and 406 inquiries have been implemented with 95% of confidence interval and 5% of margin of error. SPSS version 11.5 has been used to digitize the data and to cre-ate statistical analyses. Data have been analyzed by processing multivariate statistical analyses, consisting of chi-square, one way analysis of vari-ance (one way-ANOVA), independent sample T-test, factor analysis, and multiple linear regres-sions. The household research has revealed the compara-tive tendencies of the inhabitants who are the real owners of a site, including their opinions about mitigation tools and alternative policies, as well as ordering variations of preferences towards the va-riety of scenarios, their reliance to policy makers, supervisors, and operators, economic possibilities, and their inclinations to accept the project, and etc. According to the findings of the research, it is ob-vious that there is a demand for several policies and mitigation actions together with a planning concept of flexibility on the basis of maximum agreement. Social peace and justice can only be ensured by a process in which all segments of the society are involved. Therefore, the primary policies and ac-tions focusing on earthquake risk mitigation in any urban settlement have to involve training the com-munity in order to raise their knowledge and awareness adequately for participation. It has been clearly observed that the community is open to and keen on living in a safe environment, and there is a strong ground for cooperation under certain cir-cumstances.
A Critical Assessment to Literature on Socially Oriented Earthquake Studies in Turkey
Resilience, 2018
Öz Bu makale, ikincil veri analizine dayanan bir araştırmanın sonuçlarını paylaşmaktadır: Türkiye üzerine sosyal boyutlu deprem çalışmalarından daha önce derlediğim kapsamlı bir veri tabanındaki 139 metni amaçsal olarak seçip, literatürün eleştirel analizini yaptım; metodolojik konulara ağırlık verdim. Deprem çalışmaları alanında bu kapsamda bir sosyal veri tabanının kurulması kadar, oradaki metinlerin metodolojik yönden analizleri de henüz gerçekleştirilmemiş bilimsel çabalardandır. Ancak bu metnin asıl amacı, Türkiye'deki deprem çalışmaları alanında kurumsallaşmaya; bilim topluluğunun ve söylemin kuruluşuna katkıda bulunmaktır. Bu anlamda bu araştırmanın ilgili olduğu temel sosyoloji alanlarından biri bilim/bilgi sosyolojisidir. Şöyle ki; bir bilim alanının kurumsallaşması, o alandaki "paradigma" benzeri yapıların varlığıyla, yani teorik ve metodolojik ilkelerin, sorun tanımlarının, yenilik tanıtımlarının, eleştiri ve tartışmaların sistemli şekilde üretilmesiyle ilgilidir. Dolayısıyla kurumsallaşma, o alanda çalışanlara hitap eden bir topluluğun ve bir söylemin kuruluşuyla şekillenir. Bunların eksikliğinde, çok disiplinli (hatta disiplinler ötesi) bir alan olması gereken deprem çalışmalarının afet risk yönetimine kamusal etkisi zayıf kalır; Türkiye'deki durum da budur. Bu makale, var olan bilgi birikiminin, zamansal, mekansal ve hedef gruplar bakımından karşılaştırmalar yaparak sorunları ve çözümlerini daha derinlikli şekilde anlamamıza yeterince yardımcı olmadığına dair somut kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Bu sonuç, kısmen, araştırmaları, toplumun dirençlilik düzeyine katkı yapacak bir kolektif gündemle değil de, krizlerin tetiklemesiyle gerçekleştirmemizle alakalıdır. Önerilerim; birbirimize yönelik olumlu ilgimizi yoğunlaştırıp sürekli kılmamız, metodolojik ve teorik bilgi eksiklerimizi tamamlarken, doğa ve sosyal bilimler arasındaki ilişkisizliği ve hiyerarşiyi de sarsacak şekilde kapasite gelişimine önem vermemizi içermektedir. Makale, dergi çevrelerinin, disiplinler-ötesiliğe ve afet risk yönetimindeki sosyal boyutlara gerçekten sahip çıktıkları ölçüde, afet çalışmaları alanının ihtiyaç duyduğu eksiklerin giderilmesine olanak yaratma potansiyeli taşıdıklarına da işaret etmektedir.
The Sociological Aspect of Social Solidarity Practices after Earthquake: Izmir Earthquake Example
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 2021
Depremin olası sonuçlarının çok boyutlu ele alınması mecburiyeti, bizleri tarihsel süreç içerisinde sosyolojik bakış açısından hareketle Türkiye'deki depremleri incelemeye yönlendirmiştir. Türkiye'de depremlerin oluşturduğu travmalar bireysel ve toplumsal açıdan değişimi beraberinde getirmiş, gündelik hayatta deprem gerçeğiyle yüzleşmek sosyal bir olgu olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın çıkış amacı depremin etkilerini mekânda kavrayabilmek ve toplumsal dayanışma pratiklerinin geldiği süreçte saha araştırmalarıyla açıklayabilmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında planlanan temel hedef depremlerin izdüşümünden yola çıkarak toplumsal dayanışma pratiklerinin görünümünü ortaya çıkarabilmektedir. Bu açıdan; Türkiye özelinde son olarak 30 Ekim 2020 tarihinde İzmir kentinde meydana gelen deprem sonrası süreç toplumsal dayanışma pratikleri üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Depremin hemen sonrasında İzmir kent merkezinde kurulan çadır kentlerde 336 depremzedenin katılımıyla nitel bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Depremzedelerin anlatıları ve deneyimleri dikkate alınarak nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada çadır kentlerde görev alan kurum veya kuruluşların sunmuş olduğu hizmetlerin toplumsal dayanışma ve organizasyon yapısına ilişkin yönleri anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Derinlemesine mülakat sonucunda değerlendirme, öneri, eleştiri ve duygu durumu temalarına ulaşılmıştır. İzmir tarihinde gerçekleşen en yıkıcı deprem sonrasında devlet-yerel yönetim ve sivil toplum kuruluşlarının toplumsal dayanışma pratikleri ve destekleri öne çıkmıştır. Deprem hazırlık sürecinin eş zamanlı bir bütünleşme gerektirdiği saha uygulamaları ve katılımcılarının anlatıları çerçevesinde ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
2024
Earthquakes and their aftermath can affect people's mental health negatively. Therefore, it is important to determine the factors that contribute to post-earthquake recovery. In this study, the relationship between the social support and hopelessness levels perceived by individuals who experienced the earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş that occurred in 2023 was examined. Based on a relational survey model design, the study was conducted with 487 participants living in cities declared as disaster zones. The data were collected through "personal information form", "Beck Hopelessness Scale" and "Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support". The mean score of the participants from the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support was 52.65±20.54, while the mean score of the Beck Hopelessness Scale was 8.36±5.28. As a result of the analyses, a negative and statistically significant relationship was found between the total score of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the total score of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (rs=-0.440). In this context, it was determined that when the social support levels of the participants increased, their hopelessness levels decreased. Social support systems are a critical resource in the post-earthquake recovery process. Further studies are needed to determine the framework of effective social support.
Gaziantep Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020
Araştırmada ortaokul öğrencilerinin bir okul dışı öğrenme etkinliği olarak Sismolojik İzleme ve Deprem Eğitim Merkezine yaptıkları gezi sonrasında depreme yönelik tutumlarındaki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, karma araştırma yöntemlerinden iç içe karma desene uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunda 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Kocaeli ili İzmit ilçesindeki bir ortaokulda öğrenim gören 28 öğrenci yer almaktadır. Araştırmada deneysel işlem olarak öğrenciler Deprem Eğitim Merkezi gezisine katılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin uygulama sonrasındaki depreme yönelik tutum puanlarının uygulama öncesine göre daha yüksek olduğu, aralarındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durum Deprem Eğitim Merkezi gezisinin öğrencilerin depreme yönelik tutumlarını geliştirmede etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Öğrencilerin Deprem Eğitim Merkezi gezisinin ardından deprem öncesinde, sırasında ve sonrasında yapılması gerekenlere daha sık yer verdikleri görülmüştür. Öğrenciler, gezinin kendilerine katkı sağladığını belirtmiş ve depremle ilgili yapılması gerekenleri öğrendiklerini, uygulama yapma fırsatı bulduklarını ve yeni bilgiler edindiklerini ifade etmiştir. In this study, it was aimed to examine the change in the attitude of secondary school students towards earthquake after a visit organized to Seismological Monitoring Earthquake Education Center as an out-of-school learning activity. The research was carried out in accordance with the nested mixed design, one of the mixed research methods. The study group of the research consisted of 28 students studying at a secondary school in Izmit, Kocaeli in the 2019-2020 academic year. In the research, students participated in the earthquake education center trip as an experimental process. As a result of the research, it was determined that students' attitude points towards earthquake after the application were higher than before application, and the difference between them was statistically significant. This result shows that the earthquake education center trip is effective in improving the attitudes towards earthquake of students. After the earthquake education center visit, it was observed that the students mentioned what should be done before, during and after the earthquake more frequently. Students stated that the earthquake education center trip contributed to them, and they stated that had to do about the earthquake learned, had the opportunity to practice on the earthquake and acquired new knowledge.
Istanbul University Faculty of Political Sciences Journal, 2013
In Turkey, guidance on what to do during an earthquake is provided to individuals as a part of community disaster training programs. Two approaches have prevailed in this regard since the 1999 Marmara earthquakes and persisted in social memory. The first of these recommends taking cover under or near an object presumed as solid, holding on to the object if possible and protecting one’s head, face and vital organs while waiting for the shaking to end. The second approach anticipates laying in the fetal position on the floor beside an object considered as solid and waiting for the tremors to stop. Since 1999, both approaches have been propagated as pseudo-scientific discourses by various institutions. However, no reliable scientific research has been conducted on the validity of these approaches so far. Nevertheless, those adopting one of these methods and arguing the other’s ineffectiveness have taken the debate on this issue to the public arena. This paper aims to evaluate both approaches with a critical eye and to emphasize social dimension of disaster preparedness and vulnerability through this evaluation. Ülkemizde uygulanan toplum afet bilinçlendirme programlarının bir parçası olarak, deprem anında bireylerin nasıl davranmaları gerektiğine ilişkin tavsiyeler verilmektedir. Bu konuda 1999 Marmara depremlerinden bu yana Türkiye’de yaygınlaşmış ve toplumsal bellekte yer etmiş iki yaklaşım vardır. Bunlardan birincisi sağlam olduğu varsayılan bir eşyanın altına girerek başı, yüzü ve yaşamsal organları korumak, mümkünse bu eşyaya tutunarak sarsıntıların geçmesini beklemeyi önermektedir. İkinci yaklaşım, sağlam olduğu varsayılan bir eşyanın yanına yattıktan sonra “ana rahmi / cenin” duruşu alarak sarsıntıların bitmesini beklemeyi öngörmektedir. İki yaklaşım da birer sözde-bilimsel söylem haline gelmiş olarak çeşitli kurumlarca desteklenmekte ve yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Oysa her ikisinin de etkinliği üzerine gerçekleştirilmiş hiçbir güvenilir bilimsel çalışma mevcut değildir. Buna rağmen, birinci ya da ikinci yaklaşımı benimseyenler, “diğer yaklaşımın hatalı olduğunu” iddia ederek kamusal alanda tartışabilmektedirler. Bu makalede söz konusu iki yaklaşım da eleştirel bir gözle değerlendirilecek ve bu değerlendirme üzerinden afete hazırlığın toplumsal boyutu ve zarar görebilirlik üzerinde durulacaktır.
5 th International Congress on Multidisciplinary Social Sciences , 2023
Turkey, located in one of the world's most dangerous earthquake belts, has suffered the most frequent losses of life and property due to earthquakes among natural disasters. Especially the destructive earthquakes that started on February 6th and occurred consecutively have been recorded as a century's disaster, once again highlighting the importance of being prepared for earthquakes for Turkey. To cope with the disaster with minimal loss and damage, it is necessary for both the state and local governments, as well as citizens, to prepare for disasters. It has been found in the literature that disaster preparedness is parallel to education level; as education level increases, disaster preparedness also increases. Based on the literature, this study aims to examine the sociodemographic factors affecting earthquake preparedness among individuals with higher education levels. Gender, marital status, age, income level, and experiencing or not experiencing a natural disaster before were determined as independent variables in the research. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to examine the effect of independent variables on earthquake preparedness. “The Disaster Preparedness Scale” was used to measure whether or not participants were prepared for disasters. A total of 141 people participated in the research, which was conducted in accordance with the survey model. Of the participants, 58.9% (n=83) were female, 52.5% (n=74) were single, 46.1% (n=65) had a middle-income level, and 55.3% (n=78) had previously experienced a disaster. As a result of the multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that the explanatory power of independent variables on the dependent variable was R2=0.12. The findings of the study indicate that women, married people, and those with higher income levels have higher preparedness levels for disasters.