Energy efficiency in the commercial rented sector and considerations on the rebound effect after PV system installation in a shopping center in Spain (original) (raw)
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Open Research Europe, 2024
In this paper, we perform a comparative analysis of business models used by Energy Service Companies (ESCOs), suitable for the deployment of energy efficiency measures in the commercial rented sector across Europe. These models can effectively contribute to solving the split-incentive issue that arises in the rented building scenario. Some of them are obtained from their "traditional" counterparts, which do not consider the rented scenario, but just a bipartite agreement between an Energy Service Company and its client. The EU Horizon 2020 project SmartSPIN (Smart energy services to solve the SPlit INcentive problem in the commercial rented sector) targets delivery of enhanced energy services for commercial rented sector. These enhanced energy services (a) combine demand management services and energy efficiency interventions, (b) facilitate the adoption of renewables, (c) optimize the balance between demand and supply, (d) alleviate the split incentive issue. The pilot implementation of SmartSPIN is in progress in a business park in Greece, in an office building in Ireland and in two shopping centers in Spain. Key recommendations toward the implementation of such a smart energy service are provided in this paper. They have been obtained from a detailed analysis of ten interviews of key stakeholders of the energy efficiency sector and of the commercial rented sector, along with an analysis of a selection of the most relevant technical literature. This paper argues that the classical shared savings and guaranteed savings ESCOs models may be adapted to the commercial rented sector and used at SmartSPIN's demonstration sites in Spain, Greece and Ireland. The guaranteed savings model appears to be the Open Peer Review Approval Status
Open Research Europe
In this paper, we perform a comparative analysis of business models used by Energy Service Companies (ESCOs), suitable for the deployment of energy efficiency measures in the commercial rented sector across Europe. These models can effectively contribute to solving the split-incentive issue that arises in the rented building scenario. Some of them are obtained from their “traditional” counterparts, which do not consider the rented scenario, but just a bipartite agreement between an Energy Service Company and its client. The EU Horizon 2020 project SmartSPIN (Smart energy services to solve the SPlit INcentive problem in the commercial rented sector) targets delivery of enhanced energy services for commercial rented sector. These enhanced energy services (a) combine demand management services and energy efficiency interventions, (b) facilitate the adoption of renewables, (c) optimize the balance between demand and supply, (d) alleviate the split incentive issue. The pilot implementati...
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015
Although a substantial economic energy saving potential exists in the residential sector of the European Union, the energy efficiency service (EES) market is much less developed in this market segment than in other demand sectors (e.g. the industry or the public/service sector). This paper presents an analysis of the current situation and existing potentials for future expansion. A specific analysis methodology has been developed and applied by a research consortium in 18 EU countries. This methodology has mostly built upon an extensive review of the existing literature and on interviews of a large number of acknowledged experts. Its application has allowed identifying encouraging development trends in specific market segments where the possibility of aggregating the EES demand or of exploiting good relationships with customers have created interesting investment opportunities. These trends have been observed in particular in Germany, Denmark, France, Flanders (BE), Hungary, Romania and UK. The assessment performed has also allowed discussing a series of strategies and policy measures that can be adopted to overcome existing barriers to market development. The general conclusion drawn in the paper is that energy efficiency policies supporting EES markets in the residential sector are highly needed. Although EU policies have typically a limited direct impact, they can increase trust into EESs and EES providers. At the national level, a stronger collaboration of governments or local administrations with banks to finance EESs is still very necessary in many EU countries.
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Proceedings of the Australian Summer Study on Energy Productivity, 2016
14% of Australians live in apartments, predominantly in urban centres, yet few of these have PV systems, despite high levels of PV deployment on separate and semi-detached residential buildings. Increased PV deployment on apartment buildings represents a valuable market opportunity for the PV industry, which would allow apartment dwellers to obtain the financial benefits of using PV to offset electricity bills. PV on apartment buildings could also help relieve network congestion, as it is a good fit with commercial loads commonly found in urban areas, and might therefore benefit network operators as well as households. Some recent high-density residential developments incorporate a PV system for each residential unit, or an embedded network serving all units. However, in existing apartment buildings, as well as physical and other barriers to PV installation[1], legal arrangements can create additional difficulties for individual rooftop PV systems and there may be specific technical and economic barriers to the installation of embedded networks. In these cases, installing PV to supply common property demand (sometimes a high proportion of total building demand) may present a simpler retrofitting opportunity. Common property load varies significantly between apartment buildings and may include lighting for common areas, and carparks; lifts; water heating and pumping for centralised hot water and pools; air conditioning and ventilation. Its characteristics and diversity are not well understood, with a 2008 DEWHA report identifying the need for further research into communal area energy use in high and medium density housing. Common property energy is typically purchased on behalf of all unit owners by the Owners Corporation, often on commercial tariffs with high ratios of demand to volumetric charges. We present preliminary findings from a study that utilises the 30-minute common property electricity demand data for 25 apartment buildings in the Sydney metropolitan area. Daily and annual demand profiles are examined and PV systems modelled for each building, sized both for available roofspace and to ensure high levels of onsite consumption. The economic viability of these PV systems is explored using existing retail tariff structures. The findings highlight the potential opportunity for PV to assist in meeting common property load in mediumand hi-rise apartment buildings, and the additional opportunity to supply individual unit loads or sell energy to third parties in medium-rise buildings.
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2019
The continuous growth of renewable energy and the transition to a more de-centralised electricity generation adds significant complexity to balance power supply and demand in the grid. These imbalances are partially compensated by demand response programs, which represent a new business opportunity in the building sector, especially for ESCOs. Including demand response to their traditional energy efficiency-based business model adds an additional revenue stream that could potentially shorten payback periods of energy renovation projects. This paper introduces this new dual-services business model, and evaluates the potential suitability of HVAC, generation and storage technologies to ensure proposed energy efficiency and flexibility goals.
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Renewable Energy, 2004
In this study the actual costs of electricity produced by PV generators placed on buildings have been examined for UK and Greece. The type of buildings that were considered include medium size houses for up to four people, and buildings for offices/small business and hotels (Greece only). The chosen case studies were considered to be for new or refurbishment buildings, and, in the case of not integrated systems, for existing buildings that have the capacity to incorporate a PV installation on their present structure. The analysis has been done with the aid of PVSYST software. The costs have been derived for a working PV period of 25 years. Apart from that, a forecasting, through sensitivity analysis, of the likely relation between the price of the PV generated electricity and the price of electricity-buying power from the grid has been evaluated, examined, and analysed for the next decade. The main aim was to estimate when the prices of the PV generated electricity would be attractive to the potential costumers. The sensitivity analysis has been focused on different potential scenarios. The results identify that the period in which the profitable installation of a PV system on buildings will be a reality is estimated to be 2007-2011. During this period, BiPV installations on UK will become profitable before those in Greece. #