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Natural hazards and earth system sciences, 2024
To cope with massive development, many urban and surrounding rural areas have been agglomerated into a greater metropolitan area, aiming for regional economic development. Many of these metropolitan areas have experienced a dramatic increase in impacted area and economic loss from annual flooding. The issues and challenges emerging from transboundary river flood risk management have become a major concern for the Jakarta metropolitan area with a long river basin crossing several administrative jurisdictions. Previous studies have addressed the challenges of flood risk, but they have tended to overlook transboundary issues and power sharing. To tackle future flood events, this paper aims to unveil transboundary challenges and power sharing in flood management, learning from Ciliwung River. As the longest river basin crossing cities and regencies of Greater Jakarta, the complexity of Ciliwung flood risk management was driven by flood variables triggered not only by natural, physical, and socioeconomic factors, but also by transboundary challenges and power sharing. A total of 13 significant transboundary flood drivers were identified from the literature, policy, and practices. Using Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (MICMAC), a power-dependency model, several strategic key flood drivers were further recognized based on key stakeholders' perspectives obtained from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Findings of the study show that a lack of control of spatial plans and weak stakeholder coordinationcooperation are found to be the priority key flood drivers for risk reduction intervention. Finally, this study contributes to the literature on governance of flood risk management by emphasizing the need for a coordinated and integrated approach to mitigate flood risks that extend beyond administrative boundaries, enhancing overall resilience and sustainability.
A Conceptual Framework for Flood Impact Mitigation Through Transboundary River Management
International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
Successful mitigation of flood risk requires an integrated, basin-wide approach. This is particularly important in transboundary river basins, where the actions of multiple stakeholders must be coordinated. The Ciliwung River, Indonesia, presents an example of a complex urban basin that crosses multiple administrative borders. The increasing frequency and severity of floods in the downstream capital city of Jakarta has highlighted the need for better river governance arrangements. However, it is unclear what form these arrangements should take. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that identifies the key concepts relevant to flood management and governance in transboundary river basins and how they relate to the situation in the Ciliwung. Key concepts were drawn from a review of the literature conducted using online databases and search engines. The framework firstly outlines the flood hazard itself in terms of drivers and impacts. It then goes on to establish the associated governance arrangements and identifies any interdependencies. The framework highlights multiple interrelated drivers of flood risk, both human and physical. There is also a range of governance issues related to capacities, coordination of institutions, and fragmentation of plans and policies. Due to flood risk and river management complexities, this conceptual framework provides much-needed clarity to develop improved management arrangements in the Ciliwung River Basin. It also sets a framework to facilitate future research on transboundary management in relation to flood risk in other urban and peri-urban river basins.
Strategic Planning for Avoidance of Catastrophic Flood Consequences
Journal of environmental science and engineering, 2021
The present study is to deal with the strategic planning in avoidance of all catastrophic consequences of major flood in West Attica region in 2017 and is divided into three main sections. The first one comprises the study of the internal and external environment of the Regional Unit of West Attica with analysis of resources, procedures, culture that governs the internal environment, external bodies and mapping through PESTEL (Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural and Technological) analysis as components of the external environment. The second section comprises the vision and mission of this strategic plan and specializes in reporting and analyzing the strategic objectives as well as the actions that characterize them in order to complete the mission that has been set and to achieve the vision that has been planned. The last section focuses on the feasibility of the above proposals formulated in the midst of actions and strategic objectives with the help of SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) analysis and concludes with a proposal for the implementation of strategic planning with the implementation of the Integrated Spatial Investment tool.
Contributing Factor Influencing Flood Disaster Using MICMAC (Ciliwung Watershed Case Study)
Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management)
Flood disaster is the most common disaster in Indonesia, flood events continue to increase and occur almost every year during the rainy season, on average caused by extreme rainfall above 100 mm, with the number of losses increasing every years, there are many factors that affect One of the causes of flooding is human activities resulting in changes in land use in the form of settlements and agricultural land. This paper aims to present a conceptual reference from the implementation results using software assistance, to determine the level of influence and dependent variables. The method used to assess the most influential factors on flood events, especially in the Ciliwung watershed, is by using Cross-Impact Matric Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC). From the 11 contributing factors analyzed based on the Matrix of Direct Influence (MDI) and Matrix of Indirect Influence (MII) it is known that rainfall and distance from the river are the variables that have the most in...
Flood risk management strategies across boundaries: a research approach
Floods are the most frequent and damaging of all types of natural disasters and annually affect the lives of millions all over the globe. Against this background, enhanced climate variability and climate change are expected to increase the frequency and intensity of floods. The situation is further complicated by the transboundary nature of water, making transboundary cooperation on integrated flood risk management not only necessary, but highly beneficial as well. Unfortunately, numerous challenges hamper effective transboundary cooperation in general and cooperation on transboundary flood management in particular, thereby increasing vulnerability to floods. Flood Risk Management Strategies (FRMSs) are designed to make vulnerable urban regions more resilient to flooding. This likely requires changes in their institutional embedding. Insights into this institutional embedding of FRMSs so far is, however, rather limited and fragmented. In this paper we argue that such insights can be...
TRANSBOUNDARY FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT: CASE OF KOSI RIVER
SPACE: The SPA Journal of Planning and Architecture, 2019
Floods are not revered by national or regional boundaries. Flooding from across the border requires participation of governments for flood risk management. In 2015, United Nation (UN) adopted seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Target 6.5.2 of SDG aims at international water management requiring co-operation amongst transboundary countries. The upstream and downstream relationships within a transboundary basin is a driving attribute for flood resilience feature in a basin. The flood risk is almost twice in the countries located at the receiving end as compared to the country of origin. The paper investigates the occurrence and impact of floods in the transboundary river basin by taking the case of Kosi river basin. The paper primarily uses secondary sources to develop an understanding of basin characteristics and bilateral relations of country units. Kosi river basin has three basin country units (BCU) i.e. China, Nepal and India. Out of these 3 BCU, India faces catastrophic effect of river due to its location at the downstream of the basin. For studying the causes and impact of floods occurred in Kosi river basin, only Nepal and India’s data has been collated and analysed.
A framework for evaluation of flood management strategies
Journal of Environmental Management, 2008
The resulting impact of disasters on society depends on the affected country's economic strength prior to the disaster. The larger the disaster and the smaller the economy, the more significant is the impact. This is clearest seen in developing countries, where weak economies become even weaker afterwards. Deliberate strategies for the sharing of losses from hazardous events may aid a country or a community in efficiently using scarce prevention and mitigation resources, thus being better prepared for the effects of a disaster. Nevertheless, many governments lack an adequate institutional system for applying cost effective and reliable technologies for disaster prevention, early warnings, and mitigation. Modelling by event analyses and strategy models is one way of planning ahead, but these models have so far not been linked together. An approach to this problem was taken during a large study in Hungary, the Tisza case study, where a number of policy strategies for spreading of flood loss were formulated. In these strategies, a set of parameters of particular interest were extracted from interviews with stakeholders in the region. However, the study was focused on emerging economies, and, in particular, on insurance strategies. The scope is now extended to become a functional framework also for developing countries. In general, they have a higher degree of vulnerability. The paper takes northern Vietnam as an example of a developing region. We identify important parameters and discuss their importance for flood strategy formulations. Based on the policy strategies in the Tisza case, we extract data from the strategies and propose a framework for loss spread in developing and emerging economies. The parameter set can straightforwardly be included in a simulation and decision model for policy formulation and evaluation, taking multiple stakeholders into account. r
Flood effects are very serious, especially in developing countries where they are at high risk due to urbanization and socio-economic development. Reliable information is crucial to support decision-makers or planners to develop appropriate strategies to reduce flood risk. This article aims to develop a theoretical framework for assessing flood risk and adaptive capacity based on a bottom-up approach, in the Gianh River watershed of Vietnam, considered a very important task for flood risk management. Flood risk was computed by combining hazard, exposure, and vulnerability using hydrodynamic modeling and the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. The adaptive capacity of the population was assessed via interviews with 298 inhabitants. The results show that flood risk is high in areas with high population and construction density. Both the ability to access resources and communities' perceptions are important factors in improving the capacity to adapt. This study can provide an import...