Effect of sodium bicarbonate administration on metabolic responses to maximal exercise (original) (raw)
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Effects of warming-up, racing and sodium bicarbonate in Standardbred horses
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2010
Twelve currently racing Standardbred horses were used to measure effects of pre-race warm-up exercise and racing on blood values for bicarbonate (HCO,), pH, base excess (BE), PCO,, sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca++), chloride (CI-) and potassium (K+). In a switchback study, 12 horses were administered NaHC03 (454 g) dissolved in 4 litres water via nasogastric tube and 12 were given 4 litres water as a control. Horses were exercised and raced in 3 groups of 4 with 2 horses in each group on each treatment. Mean durations of the 1 mile warm-up and race were 143 and 122 s, respectively. Horses treated with NaHC03 had increased (P<O.OOl) blood pH, Na+, HCO,, PCO, and BE, while decreased (P<O.OOl) K+ and Ca++ were found. Mean blood values for pH, HCO,, PCO,, BE, Ca++ and K+ in NaHC03 treated horses, decreased (PcO.01) after pre-race warm-up and racing. Blood Na+ increased as a result of NaHC03 administration independent of exercise level. It is suggested that blood gas testing for the detection of illegal alkalinising agents should not be done immediately after high intensity warm-up exercise.
Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2021
The present study was designed to determine the acute effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on the number of sprint repetitions during sprint high-intensity intermittent testing. In addition, blood biochemical (pH, HCO3-, and lactate) responses measured in three occasions were investigated. Thirteen male well-trained sprinters (24.65±3.44 yrs) performed two consecutive trials (7 days apart). Athletes were assigned randomly either to ingest a single dose of NaHCO3 (0.3 g/kg) 1 h prior to exercise or placebo using a double-blind crossover design. The intermittent sprint test consisted of 60 s treadmill sprints (90% of maximal work done) and 30-s recovery repeated intermittently until volitional exhaustion. Blood samples were collected from all athletes before exercise, after 1 h of dose intake, and after exercise in each trial. Paired sample t-testing showed that athletes complete significantly more sprint repetitions (p=0.036) during the intermittent sprint test with NaHCO3 (6.846±3....
Effect of sodium bicarbonate on racing Standardbreds
Journal of Animal Science, 1990
Twenty-two Standardbred horses in race training were used in a crossover experiment to determine the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) administration on performance and metabolic responses to a 1.6-km (1-mile) race. Horses were paired and one horse in each pair was treated with either N a H Q (300 mg/kg BW) or a placebo, 2.5 h before they raced against each other. Each horse was scheduled to compete in two races, approximately 1 wk apart, one on each treatment. Horses always raced in the same pairs. Fourteen horses successfully completed both races. Jugular blood samples were obtained 1.5 h after treatment (rest), immediately before racing, 5 min post-race and 15 min post-race. In six horses, blood samples also were obtained 30 rnin post-race. Race times averaged 1.1 s faster after N a H C q treatment (f < .1). Sodium bicarbonate treatment also elevated blood pH (P < .05). In the horses sampled 15 and 30 min post-race, blood lactate disappearance was faster with the N a H C e treatment (P < .OS). The NaHC03 may delay the fatigue precipitated by i.m. acidosis. Because other factors may limit performance (musculoskeletal soundness, Cardiovascular and respiratory ability), NaHCO3 would not be expected to enhance the performance of all horses. However, the effect of NaHC03 on lactate clearance may have implications for all intensively worked horses; because lactate and the associated hydrogen ions are believed to cause muscle damage and soreness, any mechanism to increase their removal rate could benefit the equine athlete.
Nutrition, 2019
It is well-established that ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) causes metabolic alkalosis. However, there is no consensus in terms of optimal NaHCO 3 doses leading to enhanced performance. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effects of different NaHCO 3 doses on performance and lactate clearance in non-professional cyclists. METHODS: Twenty one cyclists performed three double blind trials: (i) ingestion of 0.3 g • kg-1 body weight
PLoS ONE, 2014
Background: While the ergogenic effect of sodium bicarbonate (BICA) on shortterm, sprint-type performance has been repeatedly demonstrated, little is known about its effectiveness during prolonged high-intensity exercise in well-trained athletes. Therefore, this study aims to examine the influence of BICA on performance during exhaustive, high-intensity endurance cycling. Methods: This was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Twenty-one well-trained cyclists (mean ¡ SD: age 24¡8 y, BMI 21.3¡1.7, VO 2peak 67.3¡9.8 ml?kg 21 ?min 21 ) were randomly allocated to sequences of following interventions: oral ingestion of 0.3 g?kg 21 BICA or 4 g of sodium chloride (placebo), respectively. One h after ingestion subjects exercised for 30 min at 95% of the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) followed by 110% IAT until exhaustion. Prior to these constant load tests stepwise incremental exercise tests were conducted under both conditions to determine IAT and VO 2peak . Analysis of blood gas parameters, blood lactate (BLa) and gas exchange measurements were conducted before, during and after the tests. The main outcome measure was the time to exhaustion in the constant load test. Results: Cycling time to exhaustion was improved (p,0.05) under BICA (49.5¡11.5 min) compared with placebo (45.0¡9.5 min). No differences in maximal or sub-maximal measures of performance were observed during stepwise incremental tests. BICA ingestion resulted in an increased pH, bicarbonate concentration and BLa before, throughout and after both exercise testing modes. Conclusion: The results suggest that ingestion of BICA may improve prolonged, high-intensity cycling performance.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021
Based on a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on exercise performance, conducted by experts in the field and selected members of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), the following conclusions represent the official Position of the Society: 1. Supplementation with sodium bicarbonate (doses from 0.2 to 0.5 g/kg) improves performance in muscular endurance activities, various combat sports, including boxing, judo, karate, taekwondo, and wrestling, and in high-intensity cycling, running, swimming, and rowing. The ergogenic effects of sodium bicarbonate are mostly established for exercise tasks of high-intensity that last between 30 s and 12 min. 2. Sodium bicarbonate improves performance in single-and multiple-bout exercise. 3. Sodium bicarbonate improves exercise performance in both men and women. 4. For single-dose supplementation protocols, 0.2 g/kg of sodium bicarbonate seems to be the minimum dose required to experience improvements in exercise performance. The optimal dose of sodium bicarbonate dose for ergogenic effects seems to be 0.3 g/kg. Higher doses (e.g., 0.4 or 0.5 g/kg) may not be required in singledose supplementation protocols, because they do not provide additional benefits (compared with 0.3 g/kg) and are associated with a higher incidence and severity of adverse side-effects. 5. For single-dose supplementation protocols, the recommended timing of sodium bicarbonate ingestion is between 60 and 180 min before exercise or competition. 6. Multiple-day protocols of sodium bicarbonate supplementation can be effective in improving exercise performance. The duration of these protocols is generally between 3 and 7 days before the exercise test, and a total sodium bicarbonate dose of 0.4 or 0.5 g/kg per day produces ergogenic effects. The total daily dose is commonly divided into smaller doses, ingested at multiple points throughout the day (e.g., 0.1 to 0.2 g/kg of sodium bicarbonate consumed at breakfast, lunch, and dinner). The benefit of multiple-day protocols is that they could help reduce the risk of sodium bicarbonate-induced side-effects on the day of competition.
Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion on Prolonged Intermittent Exercise
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2003
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on prolonged intermittent exercise and performance. Methods: Eight healthy male subjects (mean Ϯ SD: age 25.4 Ϯ 6.4 yr, mass 70.9 Ϯ 5.1 kg, height 179 Ϯ 7 cm, V O 2max 4.21 Ϯ 0.51 L•min Ϫ1) volunteered for the study, which had received ethical approval. Subjects undertook two 30-min intermittent cycling trials (repeated 3-min blocks; 90 s at 40% V O 2max , 60 s at 60% V O 2max , 14-s maximal sprint, 16-s rest) after ingestion of either sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ; 0.3 g•kg Ϫ1) or sodium chloride (NaCl; 0.045 g•kg Ϫ1). Expired air, blood lactate (BLa), bicarbonate (HCO 3 Ϫ), and pH were measured at rest, 30 and 60 min postingestion, and during the 40% V O 2max component of exercise (4, 10, 16, and 29 min). Results: After ingestion, pH increased from rest to 7.46 Ϯ 0.03 and 7.40 Ϯ 0.01 for NaHCO 3 and NaCl, respectively (main effect for time and trial; P Ͻ 0.05). Values decreased at 15 min of exercise to 7.30 Ϯ 0.07 and 7.21 Ϯ 0.06, respectively, remaining at similar levels until the end of exercise. BLa peaked at 15 min (12.03 Ϯ 4.31 and 10.00 Ϯ 2.58 mmol•L Ϫ1 , for NaHCO 3 and NaCl, respectively; P Ͼ 0.05) remaining elevated until the end of exercise (P Ͻ 0.05). Peak power expressed relative to sprint 1 demonstrated a significant main effect between trials (P Ͻ 0.05). Sprint 2 increased by 11.5 Ϯ 5% and 1.8 Ϯ 9.5% for NaHCO 3 and NaCl, respectively. During NaHCO 3 , sprint 8 remained similar to sprint 1 (0.2 Ϯ 17%), whereas a decrease was observed during NaCl (Ϫ10.0 Ϯ 16.0%). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that ingestion of NaHCO 3 improves sprint performance during prolonged intermittent cycling.
European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 1993
This investigation evaluated the influence of metabolic alkalosis on plasma ammonia (NH3) accumulation during incremental exercise. On two occasions separated by at least 6 days, six healthy men cycled at 70, 80, and 90% of maximum oxygen consumption (I202max) for 5 min; each exercise period was followed by 5 min of seated recovery. Exercise was then performed at 100% 1202max until exhaustion. Beginning 3 h prior to exercise, subjects ingested 3.6 mmol.kg body mass-1 NaHCO3 (test, T) or 3.0 mmol. kg body mass-CaCO3 (placebo, P) (both equivalent to 0.3 g.kg-1) over a 2-h period. Trials were performed after an overnight fast and the order of treatments was randomized. Arterialized venous blood samples for the determination of acid-base status, blood lactate and plasma NH3 concentrations were obtained at rest before treatment, 15 s prior to each exercise bout (Pre 70%, Pre 80%, Pre 90%0, and Pre 100%0), and at 0, 5 (5'Post), and 10 (10'Post) min after exhaustion. Additional samples for blood lactate and plasma NH3 determination were obtained immediately after each exercise bout (Post 70%, Post 80%, Post 90%) and at 15min after exercise (15'Post). Time to exhaustion at 100% of ~rO2max was not significantly different between treatments [mean (SE): 173 (42) s and 184 (44) s for T and P respectively]. A significant treatment effect was observed for plasma pH with values being significantly higher on T than on P Pre 70% [7.461 (0.007) vs 7.398 (0.008)], Pre 90o7o [7.410 (0.010) vs 7.340 (0.016)], and 10'Post [7.317 (0.032) vs 7.242 (0.036)]. The change in plasma pH was significantly greater following the 90% bout (Pre 100%-Pre 90%) for T [-0.09 (0.02)] than for P [-0.06 (0.01)]. Blood base excess and plasma bicarbonate concentrations were significantly higher for T than P before
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestión on consecutive "all out" sprint tests, analyzing the acid-base status and its influence on performance and perceived effort. Ten élite bicycle motocross (BMX) riders (20.7 ± 1.4 years, training experience 8-12 years) participated in this study which consisted of two triáis. Each trial consisted of three consecutive Wingate tests (WTs) separated by 15 min recovery. Ninety minutes prior to exercise subjects ingested either NaHC03~ (0.3 g kg~ body weight) or placebo. Blood samples were collected for the assessment of blood acid-base status: bicarbonate concentration ]), pH, base excess (BE) and blood lactate concentration ([La -]). Performance variables of peak power (PP), mean power Communicated by Susan A. Ward. M. Zabala and A. B. Peinado contributed equally to this work.