Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity in Elementary School Children in Ulaanbaatar: Incidence, Subtypes and Influencing Factors (original) (raw)
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This study aimed at identifying the spread of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as its subtypes, in a sample of primary school children in Jeddah, KSA. The implemented tool was the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale. This instrument was administered to 2770 students with a range of 6-12 years. The findings of the study reveal that the prevalence of ADHD was estimated to be 11.6%. The subtypes results indicate: a prevalence of 6.3% for ADD, a prevalence of 2.2% for HD. The third type that is the combined hyperactive/ impulsive and inattentive type of ADHD has a prevalence of 3.1%. The results show that there is a difference between ADHD prevalence among elementary school children due to the difference in age. Furthermore, the total prevalence percentage of ADHD for female students was (4.2%). The total prevalence percentage of ADHD for male students was (7.4%). [Moayyad Homidi; Yahia Obaidat and Diala Hamaidi. Prevalence of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder among Primary School Students in Jeddah city, KSA. Life Sci J 2013;10(3):280-285]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 44
2021
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most widely recognized neurobehavioral problem of children, which can interfere with the social and academic level. Objectives: To detect the prevalence of ADHD among primary school students in Tikrit city, Iraq, and to find the effect of the disease on school performance. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was done among students in 6 primary schools for boys and girls during the studying year 2012-2013. The criteria of diagnosis were done according to the American Psychiatric Association. Students who fulfill the criteria were included and the following parameters were studied including age, gender, family history, mother education, socioeconomic status of the family, and school performance. Results: The prevalence rate of ADHD in this study was 8.67%. Boys were mostly affected (65%). Most of them were under 9 years old (49%). Inattention subtype was mostly found in this study (38%) followed by combined (34%) and then hyperactive (28%). Positive family history was found in (43%) of cases. The education level of their mothers was intermediate or secondary school level (37%). The majority of the cases were from the middle socioeconomic status (53%). Poor school performance was seen in 69% of the cases. Conclusion: ADHD is a big problem among students of primary schools in Tikrit city with a significant effect on the academic state.
Background & Objective: ADHD is the most common mental disorder in children. Awareness of students' mental health has an important role in programming for decrementing their disorders and, improving their mental health and also preventing the complications of their decreased mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ADHD and some of the affecting factors among school children in Nishaboor localed in the North – East of Iran. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was done on school children in Nishaboor during 2006. Subjectes selected by stratified cluster sampling. Data collection was done using the Conner's Parent and Teacher Scale questionnaire, and each student's questionnaires were completed by both the teacher and the parents. Data analysis was performed regarding to the mean scores of teachers and parents. The score 15 was chosen as the probable indicator for ADHD. Results: 722 students (79.6%) were involved this study. Prevalenc...
Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 2008
Aim. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder characterized by severe inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This research aims to determine the frequency of ADHD symptoms in children who were treated in emergency paediatric services due to unintentional injuries. Method. This study was carried out with children who were treated due to unintentional injuries in an Emergency Department. ADHD symptoms were evaluated using the DSM-IV-based Screening and Assessment Scale for Behavioural Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Results. The study sample consisted of 89 girls (40.1%) and 133 boys (59.9%)-a total of 222 children. The participants ranged from 5 to 18 years of age, and the mean age was found to be 11.5±3 years. According to medical evaluations, the most common diagnosis for the unintentional injuries was soft tissue trauma (41.9%). The mean ADHD and ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) scores of our study sample were, respectively, 19.9±12 and 7.7±5.7. The prevalence of children with possible ADHD was as high as 81.6% (179) and, for ODD, was 62.6% (139), according to cutoff values. Conclusion. Our results pointed out very high levels of ADHD and ODD symptoms among children who were treated at emergency services for accidental injuries. Appropriately screening for ADHD in children with accidental injuries and referring them to child psychiatry units may prevent later accidents and injuries.
Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2019
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common public health issue in children. This condition, marked by inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsiveness, and hyper-activity, and frequently associated with impairment of daily home function, social relation, and academic achievement. The study aim to identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with ADHD. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted in Damietta governorate, Egypt in a period from April, 2018 to the end of October, 2018. A total of 947 children (aged 6-10 years) with their parents along were randomly included. All those diagnosed as ADHD (107 children) were selected as a case group and 214 non-ADHD children, selected as a control group (2 controls for every case randomly chosen from those have not ADHD). Results: the study revealed the prevalence of ADHD was 11.3%. The results of the binary logistic regression test indicated that, child gender, birth weight, smoking exposure during pregnancy, mother's age at child birth and family type were independently associated with the occurrence of ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is prevalent public health problem and associated with important risk factors; child gender, birth weight, smoking exposure during pregnancy, mother's age at child birth and nuclear family type.
Abstract. As inattention and hyperactivity are highly prevalent among school children, we aimed to introduce an overview on ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in Delta regions of Egypt, to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy, and to suggest a de novo method for diagnosis among Egyptian school children. This retrospective epidemiological study was conducted on cases registered in database files of Pediatrics Genetics unit, in Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, which serves all Delta regions of Egypt. Initial diagnosis of 356 registered cases was based upon detailed history, signs and symptoms without applying any strict criteria. Some cases were receiving stimulants drugs however almost all were under behavioral therapy. All cases were currently re-evaluated applying DSM-IV criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, 4th edition) and Conners’ Developmental approach. diagnosis of ADHD was confirmed in 283 children excluding 73 cases (20.5%); they were 211 boys and 72 girls (boys/girls ratio 3/1), age range 7–12 years (mean 9.5 ± 3.13 years). Most cases whether at initial registration or during final assessment were associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity however predominantly inattentive cases constituted 39.04%. Half of excluded cases were predominantly inattentive (49.3%) and 61.7% of exclusion were due to clinical improvements. other exclusionary causes included sleep disorders, hyperthyroidism, communication disorders, mental retardation and autism. Positive family history was reported in 49.8% mostly among inattentive and combined types. ADHD is not ucommon in our community; its frequency among cases referred for childhood diagnostic clinics approximates 79.5%, and prevalence would be much lower if evaluated among asymptomatic school children. Inattentive ADHD is frequently overlooked and its response to therapy is usually satisfactory.
Risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a sample of Egyptian adolescents
Middle East Current Psychiatry, 2013
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder of childhood and adolescence that represents a public health problem with long-term adverse effects on academic, vocational and social development. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess some putative risk factors that may be associated with ADHD in Egyptian adolescents compared to matched healthy controls. Methods 925 preparatory school students were randomly selected from private and public schools in Eastern Cairo. We used the Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self report Scale Short form (CASS: S), as a screener for ADHD students. Those scoring >65 were considered potential ADHD cases, and were assessed by the kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) for establishing a diagnosis then were further evaluated by: Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC) to assess intellectual abilities. School performances prepared by teachers were recorded. Students were asked to complete a Designed Questionnaire fulfilling data including family background. A local scale for social class classification was administered. We finally compared the ADHD group with a matched healthy control group. Results 9.4% (N = 87) of the selected sample had ADHD. The diagnosis of ADHD was significantly associated with low socioeconomic state (8.0%), first sib order (42.5%), quarrelsome home atmosphere (21.8%). One third of the ADHD sample was exposed to cold family relations and criticism with a highly significant association (Po0.001); a similar percentage was exposed to parental aggression and abuse but displayed significant statistical association Po0.05. Students with ADHD were significantly exposed to postnatal complications (23%), and had more joint (20.7%) and chest (26.4%) diseases; their school performance and IQ scores displayed very highly significant lower values than the control group. Risk factors associated with ADHD were family history of psychiatric illness, history of head trauma, first sib order, delayed sphincter control, epilepsy and parental disharmony. Conclusion Our findings highlighted important differences between ADHD subjects and healthy students in several aspects as psychosocial adversities and physical health and delineated significant associations between ADHD and some putative risk factors. These findings would serve as a useful guidance tip for early management of ADHD adolescents and their families who display those risk factors.
Medico-Legal Update, 2020
Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder was an important issue of mental health and welfare affecting pupils at the primary school specially in conflict affected areas including Iraq.Objectives: To identify the prevalence and the epidemiological profile of ADHD among pupils in Al-Hilla city –Babylon province/Iraq.Methodology: This was a cross sectional study which was conducted in 4 randomly selected groups by lottery , the pupils at the primary schools located in AL-Hilla city center, the study was conducted during the academic year 2016-2017 , 100 children were randomly selected from the first three primary school grades. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the behavior of pupils by both teachers and parents after obtaining their verbal consents. The questionnaire was designed according to the formula of diagnostic criteria of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders used by American Academy of Pediatrics.Results: The overall prevalence of ADHD in the s...
Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder among Primary School Children in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
International Journal of Family Medicine, 2014
Background. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral problem in children. Global variations in diagnostic criteria and rating scales of ADHD either by DSM-IV or ICD 10 may contribute to variations in its prevalence. Objectives. The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of ADHD and to determine its risk factors. Methodology. A cross-section comparative study was conducted in a randomly selected four primary schools in Menoufia governorate, Egypt. All children after a valid consent of their parents (N. 1362) were subjected to complete history taking, medical and psychological assessment, and IQ estimation. Their parents and teachers were subjected to the corresponding Arabic forms of Conner’s questionnaire. Suspected cases were confirmed and categorized by DSM-IV criteria. The sample was divided into cases and controls to study the risk factors. Results. Prevalence of ADHD was 6.9% and the male : female ratio was 3.5 : 1. The m...