Using Salivary MMP-9 to Successfully Quantify Periodontal Inflammation during Orthodontic Treatment (original) (raw)
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Clinica Chimica Acta, 2009
Background: Periodontal disease shares risk factors with cardiovascular diseases and other systemic inflammatory diseases. The present study was designed to assess the circulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) from chronic periodontal disease patients and, subsequently, after periodontal therapy. Methods: We compared the plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2, and total gelatinolytic activity in patients with periodontal disease (n = 28) with those of control subjects (n = 22) before and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Results: Higher plasma MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9 concentrations were found in periodontal disease patients compared with healthy controls (all P < 0.05), whereas MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 levels were not different. Treatment decreased plasma MMP-8 and MMP-9 concentrations by 35% and 39%, respectively (both P < 0.02), while no changes were found in controls. MMP-2, MMP-3, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 remained unaltered in both groups. Plasma gelatinolytic activity was higher in periodontal disease patients compared with controls (P < 0.001) and decreased after periodontal therapy (P < 0.05).
Egyptian Dental Journal
Aim: This study aimed to clinically investigate the efficacy of β-glucan supplementation to non-surgical periodontal therapy in localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) patients. In parallel, immunohistochemical detection of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-9 expression levels has undergone to determine the subcellular changes behind the clinical status and reliability of each antibody in predicting the periodontal condition. Method: 40 subjects suffering from LAP were randomly and equally assigned to receive scaling and root planning (SRP); either with placebo pills (Group I) or β-glucan (100 mg/ once a day) (Group II), for 40 days. Subjects were clinically monitored on day 0 and day 91. Gingival samples were harvested from hopeless teeth sites to be investigated histologically and immunohistochemically using matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and 9 antibodies form each participating patient; at the same time intervals. Results: The experimental intervention showed a greater mean of probing pocket depth reduction (p=0.1128), with significant gain in clinical attachment (p=0.0180) and reduction of gingival inflammation (p=0.0207) compared to the control group at the end of the study. Furthermore, the experimental protocol was able to achieve better modulating effects on the levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9 compared to control therapy, along with enhancing protective healing patterns. MMP-9 was more sensitive indicator of the periodontal condition compared to MMP-1. Conclusions: The curre nt study demonstrated that the non-surgical treatment of LAP is markedly improved clinically by the adjunctive use of β-glucan, accompanied by a trend for modulation of the cytokine profile in gingival tissue samples with better healing events. The results also suggest that the expression of MMP-9 may be a precise indicator of periodontal disease activity.
Role of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in chronic periodontitis diagnosis
Frontiers of Medicine, 2014
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium. Any imbalance between the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secreted by neutrophils and tissue inhibitors initiates the destruction of collagen in gum tissue, leading to chronic periodontitis. This study aimed to correlate salivary levels of MMP-8 and periodontal parameters of chronic periodontitis to establish MMP-8 as a noninvasive marker for the early diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. The study involved 40 subjects visiting the periodontic OPD of Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College and Hospital, located in Aligarh, U.P., India, from 2011 to 2012. The subjects were divided into two groups: group I consisted of 20 periodontally healthy subjects (controls) while group II consisted of 20 patients with chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis was assessed on the basis of several periodontal parameters, including pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Around 3 ml of unstimulated and whole expectorated saliva was collected for MMP-8 estimation by ELISA using Quantikine human total MMP-8 immunoassay kits. Data were analyzed using STATISTICA (Windows version 6) software. Salivary MMP-8 levels of groups I and II were 190.91 AE 143.89 ng/ml and 348.26 AE 202.1 ng/ml, respectively. The MMP-8 levels and periodontal status (PPD, CAL, GI, and PI) of groups I and II showed positive and significant correlations
Journal of Periodontology, 2006
Background: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of adjunctive meloxicam on the matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in chronic periodontitis patients following the initial phase of periodontal therapy. Methods: Twelve chronic periodontitis patients received 7.5 mg meloxicam, and 10 patients received placebo tablets together with scaling and root planing in a 1 × 1 regimen for 10 days. Scaling and root planing were performed on day 3 of drug intake. The MMP-8 levels in GCF samples obtained before and on day 10 of drug intake were determined by using the immunofluorescence assay. Plaque index (PI), papilla bleeding index (PBI), and GCF MMP-8 levels were compared within each patient group, between the 2 patient groups, and also with a clinically healthy control group using non-parametric statistical analyses. Results: Both meloxicam and placebo groups showed statistically significant reductions in PBI, PI, and GCF MMP-8 levels on day 10 compared to baseline (P <0.01). The GCF MMP-8 level on day 10 in the meloxicam group was similar to the clinically healthy control group (P >0.05), while it was significantly higher in the placebo group (P <0.01). Positive correlations were found between MMP-8 total amounts and PBI scores at baseline and day 10 of drug intake in the patient groups. Conclusions: Meloxicam showed a tendency to reduce GCF MMP-8 levels in vivo within the first 10 days when used as an adjunct in the initial phase of periodontal treatment that consists of scaling and root planing. Verification of this effect on collagenase-2 downregulation, as well as on the clinical periodontal parameters in long-term studies using larger test and control groups, is needed to provide further support for the adjunctive use of selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, 2013
The aim of the present study was to estimate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3 and-13 in periodontallyhealthy controls and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients, and also to investigate the effect of phase 1 periodontal therapy on MMP-3 and-13 levels in CP patients. Methods: Fifty-five systemically-healthy patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (healthy) and group 2 (CP). The recording of clinical parameters and GCF sampling was done at baseline for both groups and again at 6 weeks post-therapy for group 2. The MMP level was determined by ELISA. Results: A significant increase in the mean MMP-3 and-13 was found between healthy and CP patients. There was a statistically-significant reduction of GCF MMP-3 and-13 concentration after periodontal therapy in the CP group. A positive correlation was found between clinical parameters and GCF MMP-3 and-13 levels. Conclusions: A lower concentration of GCF MMP-3 and-13 was found in healthy patients, and a higher concentration was noted for CP patients, which was reduced after periodontal therapy. This indicates the important role played by these MMP in periodontal destruction. Thus, MMP-3 and-13 could be used as inflammatory biomarkers in diagnosing periodontal disease severity.
Importance of MMP-8 in Salivary and Gingival Crevicular Fluids of Periodontitis Patients
2020
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) stimulate alveolar bone loss in chronic periodontitis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of MMP-8 in patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. METHODS 42 participants were divided into two groups: a case group (21 patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis) and a control group (21 healthy periodontal subjects). GCF and saliva samples were obtained from both groups. Salivary and GCF MMP-8 levels of each subject were detected using the ELISA method. RESULTS Mean±SD values of salivary MMP-8 levels of the control and case groups were 1.52 ± 0.65 ng/ml and 6.06 ± 1.18 ng/ml, respectively, and statistically significant difference was observed (p=0.0001). Also, mean±SD values of GCF MMP-8 levels of the control and case groups were 0.87 ± 0.26 ng/ml and 2.92 ± 0.64 ng/ml, respectively; which was statistically significant (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate...
Journal of periodontology, 2002
Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is a member of a family of enzymes which are capable of degrading most extracellular matrix macromolecules. Extracellular control of MMPs is exerted by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and by mechanisms of pro-MMP activation. Levels of MMPs and TIMPs change during healing, inflammation, and normal tissue turnover. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phase I periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1. Methods: Ten patients with chronic periodontitis who had sites with probing depths ≥4 mm and 10 periodontally healthy persons (controls) were included in this study. Clinical measurements including plaque (PI) and gingival (GI) indexes, probing depths (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded both at baseline (before treatment, BT) and after phase I periodontal treatment (AT). Assays for MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were performed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: All of the clinical conditions significantly improved and GCF volume decreased AT (P <0.05). Levels of MMP-1 were higher in patients BT than in controls (C) (P <0.05). Levels of MMP-1 were reduced AT compared to BT (P <0.05). In addition, TIMP-1 levels were lower at BT than AT and in C (P <0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between levels of TIMP-1 at BT and AT (P <0.05). The ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 was significantly lower in C than patients at BT; this ratio was also significantly lower at AT than BT (P <0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that levels of MMP-1 in GCF decreased and total levels of TIMP-1 in GCF increased after phase I periodontal therapy. The ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 changed after phase I periodontal therapy, becoming close to that of the controls.
Gingival crevicular fluid levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and MPO decrease after periodontal therapy
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2010
Marcaccini AM, Meschiari CA, Zuardi LR, de Sousa TS, Taba M, Teofilo JM, Jacob-Ferreira ALB, Tanus-Santos JE, Novaes AB, Gerlach RF. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and MPO decrease after periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 180–190. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01512.x.Marcaccini AM, Meschiari CA, Zuardi LR, de Sousa TS, Taba M, Teofilo JM, Jacob-Ferreira ALB, Tanus-Santos JE, Novaes AB, Gerlach RF. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and MPO decrease after periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 180–190. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01512.x.AbstractBackground: This study aimed at comparing the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, tissue Inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and MMP-9 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and controls at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical therapy.Materials and Methods: GCF was collected from one site of 15 control subjects and 27 CP patients. MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were determined by Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay; different forms of MMP-9, by gelatin zymography; and MPO, colorimetrically.Results: At baseline, higher levels of MMP-8, TIMP-2, MPO, and the 87 kDa-MMP-9 were found in patients compared with controls (p<0.001), and these molecules decreased after therapy (p<0.03). There were no differences between the groups with respect to the higher molecular forms of MMP-9 (180, 130, 92 kDa) or total MMP-9 at baseline. No differences were observed in TIMP-1 levels. In controls, decreased levels of TIMP-2 and the higher molecular forms of MMP-9 (180, 130, 92 kDa) were found 3 months after therapy compared with baseline (p<0.01).Conclusions: Higher levels of MMP-8, TIMP-2, MPO, and 87 kDa MMP-9 were found in the GCF of patients compared with controls, and these markers decreased 3 months after periodontal therapy.Background: This study aimed at comparing the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, tissue Inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and MMP-9 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and controls at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical therapy.Materials and Methods: GCF was collected from one site of 15 control subjects and 27 CP patients. MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were determined by Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay; different forms of MMP-9, by gelatin zymography; and MPO, colorimetrically.Results: At baseline, higher levels of MMP-8, TIMP-2, MPO, and the 87 kDa-MMP-9 were found in patients compared with controls (p<0.001), and these molecules decreased after therapy (p<0.03). There were no differences between the groups with respect to the higher molecular forms of MMP-9 (180, 130, 92 kDa) or total MMP-9 at baseline. No differences were observed in TIMP-1 levels. In controls, decreased levels of TIMP-2 and the higher molecular forms of MMP-9 (180, 130, 92 kDa) were found 3 months after therapy compared with baseline (p<0.01).Conclusions: Higher levels of MMP-8, TIMP-2, MPO, and 87 kDa MMP-9 were found in the GCF of patients compared with controls, and these markers decreased 3 months after periodontal therapy.