The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13) in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Pathological Processes (original) (raw)
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AIMS Molecular Science
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are one of the most important endopeptidases in periodontal disease that generally degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) components of periodontal supporting tissues, leading to tooth loss. Among the MMP family, MMP-1,-8 and-13, which are also known as the collagenase group, play a vital role in the degradation of ECM collagen and noncollagen substances. Elevated levels of MMP-1,-8 and-13 are markedly significant within tissue, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and saliva of patients with periodontitis, which help to explain the progression pattern of the disease. This review provides an overview of MMP-1,-8, and-13 on their structures, functions and their critical role in periodontitis.
Journal of dental research, 1994
Proteolytic enzymes released by the host cells are associated with the tissue destruction in periodontal diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have the primary role in this process, since, in concert, they can degrade most of the extracellular matrix components. In the present study, we investigated MMP-2 and MMP-9 in oral fluids of healthy subjects and periodontitis patients and the contributions of different oral cells to the enzyme production. The enzymograms revealed that the main gelatinase in oral rinses, crevicular fluid, and whole saliva migrated at 92 kDa. Activity was also detected at 200 kDa and 130 kDa and minor activity at 86 kDa, 72 kDa, and 40 kDa. Traces of gelatinolytic activity were also detected in pure parotid secretions. The 92-kDa enzyme was identified to MMP-9 and the 200-kDa gelatinase to MMP-2, by means of specific anti-72-kDa antiserum. Gingival keratinocytes produced mainly MMP-9, while gingival and granulation tissue fibroblasts expressed MMP-2. Glan...
Matrix Metalloproteinases & Implication in Periodontitis- A Short Review
2013
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes which are responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix during normal tissue turnover and also during inflammatory processes. The expression and activity of MMPs in adult tissues is normally quite low, but increases significantly in various pathological conditions that may lead into unwanted tissue destruction,such as inflammatory diseases, tumour growth and metastasis. The role of MMP-8 in periodontitis is the well-known example of the unwanted tissue destruction related to increased activity of MMPs. Degradation of the extracellular matrix may involve four distinct pathways. A body of evidence suggests that matrix components may be dissolved by extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent or plasmin (Pln)-dependent cleavage reactions and that larger fragment of matrix may be disposed by a phagocytic pathway by way of cleavage by lysosomal proteinases. Mineralized matrices appear to be degraded by a complex...
The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Periodontal Disease
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
This review provides a detailed description of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), focusing on those that are known to have critical roles in bone and periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory process initiated by anaerobic bacteria, which promote the host immune response in the form of a complex network of molecular pathways involving proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines, growth factors, and MMPs. MMPs are a family of 23 endopeptidases, collectively capable of degrading virtually all extracellular matrix (ECM) components. This study critically discusses the available research concerning the involvement of the MMPs in periodontal disease development and progression and presents possible therapeutic strategies. MMPs participate in morphogenesis, physiological tissue turnover, and pathological tissue destruction. Alterations in the regulation of MMP activity are implicated in the manifestation of oral diseases, and MMPs comprise the most important pathway in tis...
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Objectives: This review article aims to describe some of the roles of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in enamel, dentine, dental caries, hybrid layer degradation, pulp and periodontal tissues, throwing light on their current inhibitors. The article addresses the potential of MMPs to serve as biomarkers with diagnostic and therapeutic value. Design: The sections of this review discuss MMPs’ involvement in developmental, remodeling, degradational and turnover aspects of dental and periodontal tissues as well as their signals in the pathogenesis, progress of different lesions and wound healing of these tissues. The literature was searched for original research articles, review articles and theses. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and MEDLINE for articles published in the last 20 years. Results: 119 published papers, two textbooks and two doctoral theses were selected for preparing the current review. Conclusions: MMPs are significant proteases, of evident contribution in ...
The role of matrix metalloproteinases in the oral environment
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2007
This review focuses specifically on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their role in physiological and pathological extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and degradation processes in the oral environment. A group of enzymes capable of degrading almost all ECM proteins, MMPs contribute to both normal and pathological tissue remodeling. The expression of different MMPs may be upregulated in pathological conditions such as inflammation and tumor invasion. The balance between activated MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) controls the extent of ECM remodeling. Prior to mineralization, MMPs may participate in the organization of enamel and dentin organic matrix, or they may regulate mineralization by controlling the proteoglycan turnover. There is evidence indicating that MMPs could be involved in the etiology of enamel fluorosis and amelogenesis imperfecta. They seem to play a part in dentinal caries progression, since they have a crucial role in dentin collagen breakdown in caries lesions. MMPs have been identified in pulpal and periapical inflammation and are strongly correlated with periodontal diseases, since they are the major players in collagen breakdown during periodontal tissue destruction. The use of MMP inhibitors could help the prevention and treatment of many MMPrelated oral diseases.
Significance of metalloproteinases in the progression of the periodontal disease
Revista Odonto Ciência, 2015
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1,-2 and-9 in the progression of the periodontal disease. Materials and methods: Thirteen gingival biopsies with clinical diagnosis of gingivitis and 13 with periodontitis were obtained and processed by immunohistochemical method. Staining of MMPs was scored according to intensity, both in epithelium and in connective tissue, in absent staining (-) which was attributed the score 0; weak staining (+), score 1; and strong staining (++), score 2. Results: MMP-1 has expressed significantly more than the others MMPs in gingivitis both in the epithelium (p=0.0008) and connective tissue (p=0.0049). In periodontitis, both MMP-1 and MMP-9 has expressed significantly in the epithelium (p<0,0001) and in the connective tissue (p=0.0002). MMP-1 and MMP-9 presented more expression in periodontitis than in gingivitis but, MMP-1 only in connective tissue (p=0,03) and MMP-9 in the epithelium (p=0.003) and in the connective tissue (p=0.04). Conclusion: These results indicate MMP-1 have an important role in connective tissue degradation and bone loss and MMP-9, that has expressed more in periodontitis, may have some role in the progression of gingivitis to periodontitis by acting in bone resorption.
International Journal of Dentistry, 2018
Levels of and especially the degree of activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) in oral fluids (i.e., saliva, mouth rinse, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implantitis sulcular fluid (PISF)) increase to pathologically elevated levels in the periodontal and peri-implant diseases. This study aimed at collecting and collating data from previously published studies and determining whether active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) could serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. The literature search identified a total of 284 articles. Out of 284 articles, 61 articles were found to be relevant. Data obtained from the selected studies were combined, and it indicated that aMMP-8 in oral fluids exerts the strong potential to serve as a useful adjunctive diagnostic and preventive biotechnological tool in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. aMMP-8 can be used alone or in combination with other proinflammatory and/or microbiological biomarkers.
Journal of Periodontology, 2006
Background: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of adjunctive meloxicam on the matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in chronic periodontitis patients following the initial phase of periodontal therapy. Methods: Twelve chronic periodontitis patients received 7.5 mg meloxicam, and 10 patients received placebo tablets together with scaling and root planing in a 1 × 1 regimen for 10 days. Scaling and root planing were performed on day 3 of drug intake. The MMP-8 levels in GCF samples obtained before and on day 10 of drug intake were determined by using the immunofluorescence assay. Plaque index (PI), papilla bleeding index (PBI), and GCF MMP-8 levels were compared within each patient group, between the 2 patient groups, and also with a clinically healthy control group using non-parametric statistical analyses. Results: Both meloxicam and placebo groups showed statistically significant reductions in PBI, PI, and GCF MMP-8 levels on day 10 compared to baseline (P <0.01). The GCF MMP-8 level on day 10 in the meloxicam group was similar to the clinically healthy control group (P >0.05), while it was significantly higher in the placebo group (P <0.01). Positive correlations were found between MMP-8 total amounts and PBI scores at baseline and day 10 of drug intake in the patient groups. Conclusions: Meloxicam showed a tendency to reduce GCF MMP-8 levels in vivo within the first 10 days when used as an adjunct in the initial phase of periodontal treatment that consists of scaling and root planing. Verification of this effect on collagenase-2 downregulation, as well as on the clinical periodontal parameters in long-term studies using larger test and control groups, is needed to provide further support for the adjunctive use of selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.