Spectral Calculation for Carbon Stock Estimation in Fragments of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Case Study Carried Out in the Environmental Protection Area of Guadalupe on the Southern Coast of the State of Pernambuco -BR (original) (raw)
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An increase in atmospheric CO2 levels and global climate changes have led to an increased focus on CO2 capture mechanisms. The in situ quantification and spatial patterns of forest carbon stocks can provide a better picture of the carbon cycle and a deeper understanding of the functions and services of forest ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the aboveground (tree trunks) and belowground (soil and fine roots, at four depths) carbon stocks in a tropical forest in Brazil and to evaluate the spatial patterns of carbon in the three different compartments and in the total stock. Census data from a semideciduous seasonal forest were used to estimate the aboveground carbon stock. The carbon stocks of soil and fine roots were sampled in 52 plots at depths of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80 cm, combined with the measured bulk density. The total estimated carbon stock was 267.52 Mg ha-1, of which 35.23% was in aboveground biomass, 63.22% in soil, and 1.54% in roots. In the soil, a spati...
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Biomass and carbon stock estimation of an Atlantic Forest fragment
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Carbon sequestration is a crucial ecosystem service, naturally mitigating and reducing the ever-growing threat from climate change. Large forests, such as the Atlantic Forest, are important carbon reservoirs removing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in their biomass. The assessment of carbon stock from forests fragments helps to establish a better understanding of the carbon cycle and the potential of climate mitigation strategies. Thus, we estimated the biomass and carbon stock of an Atlantic Forest fragment located in the foothills of Pedra de Itaocaia. We used a non-destructive methodology based on climbing techniques and an allometric equation. We climbed seven trees in order to thoroughly measure them in whole and calculate the volume of arboreal compartments. We compared the measured volume obtained from the climb to an estimated tree cylindrical volume and established a correction factor of 0.65 between both (i.e. tree form factor). The tree form factor adjusts the allometric equation and allows carbon estimations without the need to climb all trees in the fragment. The biomass and carbon stock estimates obtained were 100.1 and 50.5 MgC/ha, respectively, which implies that the fragment is on an intermediary stage of regeneration at approximately forty years old. This allometric equation efficiently integrates structural features of forest fragments similar to the one of Pedra de Itaocaia, thus contributing to advance the knowledge about processes taking place in forest fragments situated in the Atlantic Forest. Carbon estimation is imperative for a better understanding of climate mitigation strategies that can revert the threat of climate change to ecosystems.
Forest Ecology and Management, 2017
Forest ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle and with this there is an increasing need for quantifying carbon at large scales. The aim of this research was to develop a system for classifying tropical forests in Brazil into carbon stock classes, applicable to large areas, emphasizing different sets of stand and climate variables. We used data from forests inventoried in two Brazilian biomes: Atlantic Forest and Savanna. We applied discriminant analysis to generate a classification rule by biome. Three types of variables were used: climatic (mean annual temperature and precipitation, or MAT and MAP), geographical (latitude and longitude), and stand variables (density of trees, mean height or h , mean square diameter or dg, and basal area or G). We combined these into three scenarios for analysis: (1) all variables; (2) all variables, except h ; (3) all variables, except h , dg, and G, to determine their contribution to classifying carbon stocks. We also assessed each set of variables in the presence/absence of MAP and MAT, used simultaneously or not. The best classification rules resulted in 83.9% and 98.5% of correct classifications for Atlantic Forest and Savanna biomes, respectively. Stand variables contributed significantly to successful classification; for the Atlantic Forest biome, dg and G contributed from 36% to 42% and h from 2% to 5%, yet for the Savanna biome the gains ranged from 31% to 42% and 6%-9%, respectively. For the climate variables, the simultaneous use of MAT and MAP played an important role in the classification in all cases in the Atlantic Forest biome, contributing up to 9.2% for the classification. In the Savanna biome, we found significant positive gains by the simultaneous use in the absence of h , dg, and G, on the other hand, the simultaneous use exerted negative effects when h was used. We concluded that climate variables are most helpful when stand variables are not included in the analysis. In terms of carbon stock variation, the Atlantic Forest biome tended to be more sensitive to both MAT and MAP, whereas the Savanna biome had no significant climatic dependence in the classification. The variable h exerted a greater effect in the Savanna biome than in the Atlantic Forest, however, basal area and mean square diameter were the most important in both biomes.
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The secondary Atlantic forests play an important role in the context of climate change, acting as a carbon sink for the atmosphere. However, these forests can become a carbon source in case of increased tree mortality. Knowing this change is possible through continuous forest inventories that provide information on the dynamics of tree growth. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the carbon growth dynamics of a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragment, with 44.11 ha, located in the Parque Tecnológico de Viçosa - MG. The forest inventories were carried out in twenty plots of 10 m x 50 m, in the years of 2010 and 2015, where all stems with dbh ≥ 5 cm were measured, botanically identified and classified in ecological groups. The stem volume was obtained through volumetric equation. Biomass and carbon stock were quantified for compartments located above the ground (stem, branches and leaves) and below ground (roots). The dynamics of carbon growth were evaluated by Gross Incre...
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The main objective of this paper is to present and discuss the best methods to estimate live above ground biomass in the Atlantic Forest. The methods presented and conclusions are the products of a workshop entitled "Estimation of Biomass and Carbon Stocks: the Case of Atlantic Rain Forest". Aboveground biomass (AGB) in tropical forests is mainly contained in trees. Tree biomass is a function of wood volume, obtained from the diameter and height, architecture and wood density (dry weight per unit volume of fresh wood). It can be quantified by the direct (destructive) or indirect method where the biomass quantification is estimated using mathematical models. The allometric model can be site specific when elaborated to a particular ecosystem or general that can be used in different sites. For the Atlantic Forest, despite the importance of it, there are only two direct measurements of tree biomass, resulting in allometric models specific for this ecosystem. To select one or other of the available models in the literature to estimate AGB it is necessary take into account what is the main question to be answered and the ease with which it is possible to measure the independent variables in the model. Models that present more accurate estimates should be preferred. However, more simple models (those with one independent variable, usually DBH) can be used when the focus is monitoring the variation in carbon storage through the time. Our observations in the Atlantic Forest suggest that pan-tropical relations proposed by Chave et al. (2005) can be confidently used to estimated tree biomass across biomes as long as tree diameter (DBH), height, and wood density are accounted for in the model. In Atlantic Forest, we recommend the quantification of biomass of lianas, bamboo, palms, tree ferns and epiphytes, which are an important component in this ecosystem. This paper is an outcome of the workshop entitled "Estimation of Biomass and Carbon Stocks: the Case of Atlantic Rain Forest", that was conducted at Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, between 4 and 8 December 2006 as part of the Brazilian project "Ombrophylus Dense Forest floristic composition, structure and function at the Núcleos Picinguaba and Santa Virginia of the Serra do Mar State Park", BIOTA Gradiente.
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