Anaesthetic considerations for whole lung lavage for pulmonary alveolar pro-teinosis (original) (raw)
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Anesthetic management of broncho- alveolar lavage in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report
Indian journal of clinical anaesthesia, 2024
Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a very rare, life threatening, noninflammatory, diffuse lung disorder characterized by dense accumulation of lipo-proteinaceous material within the alveoli causing hypoxemia, restrictive lung disease leading to respiratory failure. Whole lung lavage (WLL) is considered as the treatment of choice which includes infusing warm saline in the lungs and draining it out with the lipo-porteinaceous materials thereby clearing the obstruction. WLL requires good team coordination between the anaesthesiologists, pulmonologists and physiotherapists. The procedural course is challenging in many aspects like hypoxaemia and hemodynamic fluctuations. Post procedure short term mechanical ventilation is commonly required. Case Presentation: A 45 year old female, diagnosed case of PAP presented with dyspnea at rest with increasing oxygen requirement. After clinical examination and investigations, due to severity of the disease, broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) of left lung was planned with subsequent right lung BAL after few days. During the procedure, desaturation upto 78% was noted. With meticulous corrective measures, saturation picked up and the procedure was completed uneventfully. Post-operatively patient was mechanically ventilated and extubated after 32 hours. Conclusions: WLL is the treatment of choice for PAP which involves multidisciplinary approach with mulitple challenges. Pre-oxygenation, adequate lung isolation with left sided double lumen tube (DLT), one lung ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), vigilant intra-operative monitoring, cautious use of positional manoeuvres and recruitment manoeuvres with a good teamwork is the key for successful outcome. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Whole lung lavage in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: anesthetic management and challenges
Ain-Shams Journal of Anesthesiology, 2022
Background Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare disorder characterized by alveolar obstruction secondary to the collection of lipoproteinaceous material in the alveoli leading to a spectrum of respiratory illness ranging from mild to severe respiratory failure. Whole lung lavage considered the gold standard for the treatment of PAP is performed under general anesthesia and presents a unique set of challenges to the anesthesiologist. The procedure involves manually removing the lipoproteinacious material by repeating aliquots of fluids and draining periodically after percussion. When done effectively it is quite effective and life-saving procedure. Case presentation A 39-year-old female presented with history of gradually progressive shortness of breath, diagnosed to have primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis for which bilateral whole lung lavage was planned. During the lavage cycles, patient had episodes of desaturation to 60% during which the double lung ventilation was resume...
Anesthetic Management for Whole Lung Lavage in Patients with Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
A & A case reports, 2016
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disorder characterized by the deposition of lipoproteinaceous materials in the bronchoalveolar tree. Whole lung lavage was introduced in the 1960s and remains a treatment of choice for PAP. The main anesthetic challenge of whole lung lavage is maintaining adequate oxygenation during the procedure. We describe 2 interesting patients with PAP, the anesthetic challenges faced during the lung lavage, and discuss the management strategies adopted in each case.
Anesthetic Challenges During Whole Lung Lavage: A Case Report
Cureus
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is an uncommon lung disease characterized by the accumulation of surfactant in the lungs. Treatment is done by whole lung lavage. One-lung ventilation in diseased lungs is a challenge to anesthesiologists due to the rapid desaturation and hemodynamic fluctuations encountered during the procedure. A 24-year-old female, a known patient of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, who had undergone previous lung lavage presented with a dry cough and shortness of breath. Our management of the case included complete lung isolation with a double-lumen tube (DLT), one-lung ventilation, and an appropriate hemodynamic management strategy during the procedure.
Whole Lung Lavage for Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Perioperative Nursing Implications
AORN Journal, 1992
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a disease characterized by the deposition of amorphous lipoproteinaceous material in the alveoli secondary to abnormal processing of surfactant by macrophages. Whole-lung lavage often is performed as the first line of treatment for this disease because it is a means to wash out the proteinaceous material from the alveoli and reestablish effective oxygenation and ventilation. Whole-lung lavage is a large-volume BAL that is performed mainly in the treatment of PAP. In brief, it involves the induction of general anesthesia followed by isolation of the two lungs with a double-lumen endotracheal tube and performance of single-lung ventilation while largevolume lavages are performed on the nonventilated lung. Warmed normal saline solution in 1-L aliquots (total volumes up to 20 L) is instilled into the lung, chest physiotherapy is performed, then the proteinaceous effluent is drained with the aid of postural positioning. The sequence of events is repeated until such time as the effluent, which is initially milky and opaque, becomes clear. This procedure results in significant clinical and radiographic improvement secondary to the washing out of the proteinaceous material from the alveoli. The whole-lung lavage video details all aspects of the procedure, including case selection, patient preparation and equipment, a step-by-step review of the procedure, and postoperative considerations.
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology, 2012
Background and objectives: The first case of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) was described by Rose in 1958, but it is still a rare disorder. PAP is characterized by deposition of lipoproteinaceous material secondary to abnormal processing of surfactant by macrophages. Patients may suffer from progressive dyspnea and cough that at times is accompanied by worsening hypoxia and its course can vary from progressive deterioration to spontaneous improvement. Many therapies have been used to treat PAP including antibiotics, postural drainage, and intermittent positive pressure breathing with aerosolized Acetylcysteine, heparin and saline. At present, the mainstay of treatment is whole lung lavage (WLL). Although generally well tolerated, WLL can be associated with some complications. Case Report: We report a case of severe PAP through the anaesthetic, procedure and complications management of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in one patient who has undergone multiple, alternating, single-lung lavages over the past seven years, the last three in our hospital, with improvements in her symptoms following each therapy.
Anesthesia for Lung Lavage in Pediatric Patient with Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology, 2012
Gonçalves BM, Teixeira VC, Bittencourt PFS -Anesthesia for Lung Lavage in Pediatric Patients with Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis. Background and objectives: Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disorder first described in 1958. The Whole-Lung Lavage (WLL) proposed in the 1960s, remains the treatment of choice. Several techniques have been described to perform lung lavage in pediatric patients; however, all have limitation and risks.
Bilateral whole lung lavage in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis--a retrospective study
Revista portuguesa de pneumologia
Whole lung lavage (WLL) is the gold standard technique for the treatment of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP). In this paper we evaluated and discuss bilateral WLL, namely the procedure work-up and the therapeutic efficacy. Six bilateral WLL performed through a careful adherence to a modified Royal Brompton Hospital (London) technique were carried out without major complications and were associated with clinical and functional improvement of the PAP patients submitted to this procedure. As there are benefits in terms of time, patient comfort and cost effectiveness compared to unilateral WLL, associated with the efficacy and safety observed, bilateral WLL seems to be a suitable first choice for therapeutic lavage in PAP patients.