Correlation of salivary glucose level with blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study (original) (raw)
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Correlation of Salivary Glucose Level with Blood Glucose Level in Diabetes Mellitus
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Research, 2012
Objectives: There is alarming rise in number of people with diabetes mellitus over these years. If glucose in saliva is linked to glucose in blood it can be used to detect diabetes mellitus at an early stage. The present study is undertaken with the aim to assess the correlation of salivary glucose level with blood glucose level in people with diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: For investigations, 2 sets of samples of people with diabetes and the age and sex matched nondiabetic subjects were recruited. The salivary glucose was analyzed in unstimulated whole saliva samples using glucose oxidase method. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was applied to assess the correlation between salivary glucose level and blood glucose level. Results: The significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation of salivary glucose level and fasting blood glucose level was observed in people with uncontrolled diabetes in both the sets of samples. Conclusions: Although study suggests some potential for saliva as a marker in monitoring of diabetes mellitus, there are many aspects that need clarification before we reach to a conclusion.
Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences, 2017
Diabetes mellitus is a complex multi-system disorder and is the most common endocrine disorder with potentially devastating complications that affects all age groups worldwide. Currently, a diagnosis of diabetes is achieved by evaluating blood glucose levels. Monitoring blood glucose at frequent intervals causes unnecessary discomfort and mental trauma to patients; therefore, a much simpler and non-invasive technique for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes is very desirable. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 subjects were included (100 subjects in each group).Based on their clinical history, two groups were created; group I (Diabetic patients) & group II (Healthy controls). Both the groups were screened for plasma and salivary glucose levels. Result: The mean values of blood glucose were 115.230mg/dl ±21.4 for control group and 213.546mg/dl±68 for diabetic group. The mean values of salivary glucose were 4.272mg/dl±2.23 for healthy controls and 13.603mg/dl±5.599 for diabetic group. The correlation coefficient between serum glucose and salivary glucose was calculated and the 'r' value was found to be 0.7686, which was highly significant (P value 0.01). It is worth noting that the significance of the study group was much greater than that of the control group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that saliva can be used as a diagnostic tool in assessment of blood glucose concentration. However further studies with larger and varied sample size are needed to strengthen our results.
Innovative publication, 2016
Introduction: There are contradictory reports on using salivary glucose in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. This study has made an attempt to estimate the salivary glucose levels in diabetic patients with and without complications and correlate them with plasma glucose as a marker of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: This was a Cross sectional observational study. Thirty eight type 2 diabetic patients without complications and thirty eight type 2 diabetic patients with either microvascular or macrovascular complications were the subjects of this study. Age and sex-matched normal healthy individuals were included as controls. Plasma and salivary glucose levels were estimated by spectrophotometric method. Results: We observed significantly higher glucose levels in plasma and saliva, in diabetic patients with complications, in comparison to those without complications, and normal healthy controls. There was significant positive correlation between salivary glucose and plasma glucose among all the subjects of the study. Non-linear regression analysis shows exponential relationship between plasma and salivary glucose. Conclusion: Salivary glucose analysis offers noninvasive, sensitive method for assessment of severity of diabetic complications with suitability for repeated sampling. Further studies with larger sample size need to be taken up to establish salivary glucose as a marker of diabetes mellitus.
Salivary Glucose Level in Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study
2014
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic endocrine disease characterized by hyperglycemic state owing to insulin deficiency or its resistance. Its diagnosis and monitoring requires regular measurement of blood glucose level, which is very apprehensive and painful to the patients. Therefore it necessitates the need of less invasive body fluid like saliva, whose collection is easy, economical, and painless and doesn’t require expertise. Hence this study was carried out to correlate the fasting salivary glucose with fasting serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin in diabetes patients and compare it with healthy control and to substantiate the role of saliva as a diagnostic tool. This was a hospital based comparative cross sectional study. We included 50 newly diagnosed case of diabetes and 50 healthy age and sex matched control after taking their informed consent. Five ml fasting unstimulated saliva and 5 ml fasting blood was collected under standard conditions and the sample were processed immedi...
Saliva - An Efficient Tool in the Estimation of Glucose Level - A Comparative Study
2019
Diabetes mellitus necessitate a repeated observation of serum glucose levels in the body. The commonly used diagnostic fluid for finding the glucose levels in the blood, but it is an invasive and unpleasant custom. Methods: Twenty diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were randomly selected. The perceptible assessment of blood and salivary glucose levels were performed by the glucose oxidase enzyme method using glucose oxidase-peroxidase kit. Results: A correlation was observed between HbA1c and salivary glucose of diabetic as well as non-diabetic subjects. The result showed a highly convinced positive correlation between salivary glucose and serum glucose in both diabetic patients and controls. Conclusion: From this study, it was achieved that salivary glucose level was a nearly new noninvasive indicative technique, and used as a survey tool to estimate the glycemic state of Type II diabetes mellitus patients.
Correlations between Fasting Salivary Glucose and Fasting Plasma Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Background : Early detection & screening of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is essential to delay its complications. However, testing for DM often requires invasive and painful blood testing which deters the people from undergoing an investigation and they remain undetected for a very long time. So, there is a need for non-invasive testing. Aim : This study aimed at estimating and correlating fasting salivary glucose and fasting plasma glucose in type 2 diabetics and non-diabetics; so as to assess if salivary glucose can be used as a non-invasive tool, to evaluate blood glucose levels, and could it also be used as a biomarker for large scale screening of diabetes. Method : 50 type 2 diabetic and 50 non-diabetic participants were selected according to inclusion & exclusion criteria. Quantitative estimation of blood and salivary glucose were performed by glucose oxidase method. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was applied to assess the correlation between salivary glucose level and plasma glucose level. Result : The mean salivary glucose was significantly greater in type 2 diabetics (1.45 ± 0.91 mg/dL) as compared to non-diabetic participants (0.41 ± 0.29 mg/dL). A positive, significant but moderate correlation was seen in both type-2 DM patients (r = 0.43; p = 0.002) and in non-diabetics (r = 0.44; p = 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity were 66% and 96% at 1mg/dl respectively. Conclusion : Fasting salivary glucose could potentially be used as a non-invasive tool for monitoring and for large scale screening of type 2 DM.
Role of Salivary Glucose in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Objectives: To determine the correlation of fasting salivary glucose with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for the diagnosis and monitoring of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A case - control study was carried out from 11th March to 30th August 2021, involving 88 participants out of which 44 were healthy controls and 44 participants were known T2DM who had FPG ≥ 126 mg/dl or 7.0 mmol/L. FPG was measured by Glucose oxidase method and HbA1c by National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) certified chromatography. Results: T2DM group had significantly higher FPG, HbA1c and salivary glucose values. Both diabetics and healthy controls showed a positive correlation of fasting salivary glucose with FPG. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.689 and 0.477 for cases and control groups respectively. Similarly, a positive correlation of fasting salivary glucose with HbA1c was observed with the value of r 0.433 and 0.498 for diabetic and heal...
A pilot study on utility of salivary glucose levels to monitor diabetes mellitus
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2018
Aim: To utilize salivary glucose levels as a measure to monitor Diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The fasting whole saliva and serum was collected from 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and were analyzed for glucose. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: In this study a good correlation was observed between salivary and serum glucose levels. Conclusion: Salivary glucose levels can serve as a marker in diagnosing and monitoring type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Salivary glucose, Serum glucose
Validation of salivary glucose as a screening tool of diabetes mellitus
Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine
Background: Improved prognosis and delay of clinical complications in diabetes mellitus can be ensured by early screening and regular monitoring after diagnosis. This requires venipuncture at regular intervals of time causing anxiety and discomfort to the patient. Hence, development of a painless, non-invasive procedure is desirable for which saliva is a potential tool. Also, this would provide easy and cost-effective means for large scale screening and epidemiological intervention. Aim: To measure fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and compare and correlate with salivary glucose levels in normal and diabetic individuals. Also, the correlation between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and salivary glucose is studied in the diabetics and controls. Methods: Blood and salivary glucose was estimated by GOD-POD method and glycated hemoglobin by HPLC. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS 16. Mean, Standard deviation, independent t test, ANOVA (f test), Pearson’s correlation coefficient along with re...
2021
Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of chronic metabolic diseases that are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and other related metabolic disturbances. It is caused either by relative/absolute insulin deficiency or cellular resistance to insulin action, or both. Due to delay in the diagnosis process, and fear of the disease and its investigative procedure by some patients, diabetes mellitus has become the major cause of death. The most commonly employed investigative procedure to diagnose diabetes mellitus and controlling glycemia is blood investigation. Unfortunately, the procedure is invasive, painful, and may cause discomfort to patients due to the need for frequent testing. Consequently, a noninvasive, much simpler, and painless procedure is very desirable. Saliva represents an attractive alternative sample and offers a distinct advantage as it can be collected noninvasively and easily without special skill, and is low cost. The present review has found more studies with...