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Health, sport, rehabilitation
Purpose: Non-specific chronic neck pain (NSCNP) is a major health problem. Scapular dyskinesia is one of the contributing factors to NSCNP. The suspension-type of exercise is a relatively new method used in rehabilitation of scapular dysfunction. The purpose of this pretest post- test randomized clinical trial was to study the effects of scapular muscles training using a prefabricated suspension system on improving pain, function, scapular muscle strength, and scapular position in subjects with non-specific chronic neck pain and scapular dyskinesia. Materials and methods: This was a quasi-experimental two groups pre-posttest clinical trial performed at an outpatient clinic. Fifty-two patients diagnosed with NSCNP, and scapular dyskinesia participated in this study. Their mean age was 24.46 5.32 years. They were randomized to receive either stretching exercises and manual scapular resistance (group A) or stretching exercises and scapular training using a prefabricated suspension sys...
Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology, 2017
Scapular orientation is highly dependent on axioscapular muscle function. This study examined the impact of neck muscle fatigue on scapular and humeral kinematics in participants with and without subclinical neck pain (SCNP) during humeral elevation. Ten SCNP and 10 control participants performed three unconstrained trials of dominant arm humeral elevation in the scapular plane to approximately 120 degrees before and after neck extensor muscle fatigue. Three-dimensional scapular and humeral kinematics were measured during the humeral elevation trials. Humeral elevation plane angle showed a significant interaction between groups (SCNP vs controls) and trial (pre- vs post-fatigue) (p=0.001). Controls began the unconstrained humeral elevation task after fatigue in a more abducted position, (p=0.002). Significant baseline differences in scapular rotation existed between the two groups (Posterior/Anterior tilt, p=0.04; Internal/External Rotation, p=0.001). SCNP contributed to altered sca...
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Chronic neck pain is a common human health problem. Changes in scapular posture and alteration of muscle activation patterns of scapulothoracic muscles are cited as potential risk factors for neck pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of neck exercise training (NET) with and without scapular stabilization training (SST) on pain intensity, the scapula downward rotation index (SDRI), forward head angle (FHA) and neck range of motion (ROM) in patients with chronic neck pain and scapular dyskinesia. A total of sixty-six subjects with chronic neck pain and scapular dyskinesia were randomly divided into three groups: neck exercise training, n = 24, combined training (NET + SST), n = 24 and a control group, n = 24. Pain intensity, SDRI, FHA and ROM were measured by the numerical rating scale, caliper, photogrammetry and IMU sensor, respectively. When the combined intervention group consisting of NET and SST was compared with NET alone at six weeks, there was a statisti...
International journal of physical therapy & rehabilitation, 2015
Background: The purpose of this review is to provide an updated overview of structural and functional changes of cervical neuromuscular system associated with Insidious Onset Mechanical Neck Pain [IOMPT]. Methods: MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases were searched. Observational studies published after 01-01-2003 in English or Italian languages were included. The following search string was used: "neck pain" AND (muscle OR "motor control" OR behaviour OR function OR endurance OR "isometric contraction") NOT (radiculopathy OR surgery OR "specific neck pain"). Results: 15 papers concerning changes in structure of neck neuromuscular system, 19 on changes in pattern of neuromuscular activation, and 16 on deficit in neuromuscular function associated to IOMNP were selected. From this review emerges that pain, whether it be artificially produced or due to IOMNP, provokes an alteration of the cervical region function and a number of anomalies in the behavior of the neuro-muscular system. IOMNP is associated with structural alterations affecting the cervical region at different levels (metabolic, histological, and even macroscopic). Changes in cervical neuromuscular system structure concern altered histology and metabolism, cross sectional area thickness, muscle fatty infiltration, trigger points generation, and alterations of muscular activation pattern. Changes in neuromuscular function concern reduced maximal voluntary contraction, alteration on proprioception, coordination and on complex functions. Conclusion: The relationships between IONMP and changes in the intrinsic properties, behavior, and function of neck muscles have now acquired evidence. There is a widespread consensus about the fact that these alterations contribute to the onset, maintenance, and recurrence of neck pain.
Evidence for a general stiffening motor control pattern in neck pain: a cross sectional study
BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2015
Neck pain is associated with several alterations in neck motion and motor control. Previous studies have investigated single constructs of neck motor control, while few have applied a comprehensive set of tests to investigate cervical motor control. This comparative cross- sectional study aimed to investigate different motor control constructs in neck pain patients and healthy controls. A total of 166 subjects participated in the study, 91 healthy controls (HC) and 75 neck pain patients (NP) with long-lasting moderate to severe neck pain. Neck flexibility, proprioception, head steadiness, trajectory movement control, and postural sway were assessed using a 3D motion tracking system (Liberty). The different constructs of neck motion and motor control were based on tests used in previous studies. Neck flexibility was lower in NP compared to HC, indicated by reduced cervical ROM and conjunct motion. Movement velocity was slower in NP compared to HC. Tests of head steadiness showed a st...
Musculoskeletal care, 2016
Scapulothoracic muscle weakness has been associated with neck pain (NP). Little evidence exists regarding lower trapezius (LT), middle trapezius (MT) and serratus anterior (SA) strength in this population. LT strength changes have been observed following thoracic manipulation in healthy subjects. The purpose of the present study was to examine scapulothoracic strength changes following cervical manipulation in subjects with NP. Twenty-two subjects with NP and 17 asymptomatic control (AC) subjects underwent strength testing of the LT, MT and SA using a hand-held dynamometer. Subjects with NP were treated with passive intervertebral neck manipulation and neck range of motion exercises. The AC group received no intervention. Strength testing was repeated after manipulation, then 48 and 96 hours later. Change scores were calculated for strength over time. Paired t-tests were done for strength change between painful and non-painful sides in the NP group. Independent t-tests were done for...
The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2007
Objective: To examine the effect of elevating the scapulae on symptoms during neck rotation. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical records was conducted. One physical therapist examined 46 patients with neck pain (30 women, 16 men; mean age 45.89+14.39 y) using a standardized examination. Patients had a long-standing history of neck pain with a moderate level of symptoms and disability. Reports of symptoms were obtained in 2 scapulae position conditions: a patient-preferred scapulae position and a passively elevated scapulae position. Results: In the patient-preferred positions, 29 (63%) of the 46 patients reported an increase in symptoms with neck rotation in at least one direction. In the scapulae elevated position, a significant percentage of patients reported a decrease in symptoms with neck rotation, right (82%) and left (76%) (both comparisons, Pr0.01). Conclusions: Passive elevation of the scapulae resulted in a decrease in symptoms with right and left neck rotation in the majority of patients. These findings are important because they indicate that neck symptoms can be immediately improved within the context of the examination. Such information potentially can be used to assist in directing intervention.
Effects of Abdominal Control Feedback and Scapular Stabilization Exercise on Chronic Neck Pain
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.11\_Issue.6\_June2021/IJHSR-Abstract.047.html, 2021
Neck pain caused by functional impairment of the cervical spine is manageable with the appropriate intervention. This study aimed to prove that the addition of Abdominal Control Feedback to the conventional protocol, that included only Scapular Stabilization Exercises, would assist with pain minimization, increased available range of movement at the cervical spine, elevation in the endurance time of the deep flexor and extensor group of cervical muscles, better proprioception and an overall decrease in the disability caused due to the pain. A total of 40 participants with chronic mechanical neck pain in the age group of 18-40 years and a pain scale rating of less than 7 on the Visual Analog Scale were chosen and randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=20) received Scapular stabilization exercises without Abdominal control feedback for 6 weeks whereas Group 2 (n=20) received Scapular stabilization exercises along with Abdominal control feedback for 6 weeks. Pain, range of motion, endurance, proprioception and disability were assessed before and after the interventions. There were significant intra group differences in pain, range, endurance, proprioception and disability in both the groups 1 and 2. There were significant inter group differences in pain and endurance siding with group 2. No significant inter group differences were observed in range of motion, proprioception and disability. This verified that the addition of abdominal control feedback to Scapular stabilization exercises aided in reducing neck pain and increasing endurance time in individuals with chronic mechanical neck pain.