Phytochemical Analysis of Euphorbia Species of Gujarat, India: A Review (original) (raw)
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Euphorbia-Derived Natural Products with Potential for Use in Health Maintenance
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Euphorbia genus (Euphorbiaceae family), which is the third largest genus of angiosperm plants comprising ca. 2000 recognized species, is used all over the world in traditional medicine, especially in the traditional Chinese medicine. Members of this taxa are promptly recognizable by their specialized inflorescences and latex. In this review, an overview of Euphorbia-derived natural products such as essential oils, extracts, and pure compounds, active in a broad range of biological activities, and with potential usages in health maintenance, is described. The chemical composition of essential oils from Euphorbia species revealed the presence of more than 80 phytochemicals, mainly oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons, while Euphorbia extracts contain secondary metabolites such as sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sterols, flavonoids, and other polyphenols. The extracts and secondary metabolites from Euphorbia plants may act as active principles of medicines for the trea...
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Although India has a well-established and growing economy surrounding synthetic drug chemistry with an antibiotic base, a large part of the population, especially in forested villages and tribal belts, is relying solely on plant-derived drugs. This is due to a lower number of side effects, low chances of resistance development against pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the diversity and affordability of such drugs. In the Indian subcontinents, Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. (EN) is one of the valuable plants from the big family of Euphorbiaceae, which is usually found in rocky and hilly areas. E. neriifolia was found to be useful in curing tumors, abdominal swelling, bronchial infection, hydrophobia, earache, cough and cold, asthma, leprosy, gonorrhea, spleen enlargement, leucoderma, snake bites, scorpion stings, and causing appetite improvement, etc. Different in vitro and in vivo experimental studies were performed to determine the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti...
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The genus Euphorbia includes about 2,000 species commonly widespread in both temperate and tropical zones that contain poisonous milky juice fluid or latex. Many species have been used in traditional and complementary medicine for the treatment of various health issues such as dropsy, paralysis, deafness, wounds, warts on the skin, and amaurosis. The medicinal applications of these species have been attributed to the presence of various compounds, and most studies on Euphorbia species have focused on their latex. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on chemical composition and biological activities of the latex from various species of the genus Euphorbia. Our aim was to explore the applications of latex extracts in the medical field and to evaluate their ethnopharmacological potential. The databases employed for data collection, are obtained through Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus, from 1983 to 2022. The bibliographic data ind...
Journal of applied biology and biotechnology, 2022
This study aims to investigate the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of the leaf, stem, latex, and bark of Euphorbia neriifolia (EN) Linn. using the solvent extraction method with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts. Total tannin content, total saponin content, total flavonoid content, total phenol content, and total flavonol content were investigated using spectrophotometric equivalents of the standards, tannic acid, quillaja, quercetin, gallic acid, and rutin, respectively. The EN extracts of various parts were screened for potential antioxidant activities by hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay (H 2 O 2), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), metal chelation assay, nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide (SO) scavenging methods. The quantitative analysis of phytochemicals from EN revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and flavonols in considerable amounts. The in vitro antioxidant assay of EN determined that the leaf, stem, latex, and bark have prominent antioxidant potential. The results showed that all the plant parts possessed antioxidant properties which were strongly correlated with the phytoconstituents. From the present study, it can be concluded that the mean content of phytochemicals in the case of EN leaf is greater than the stem, latex, and bark of the plant and this may have contributed to its great antioxidant properties. This may also justify the frequent use of the leaf more than the stem, latex, and bark in the traditional medicinal systems for the cure of bronchial infections, abdominal swellings, inflammation, pain, and tumor.
Antimicrobial potency of Euphorbia heterophylla against selected clinical isolates
Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science
Reports on the antimicrobial potentials of Euphorbia heterophylla are scanty globally. This study investigated the antimicrobial effects of E. heterophylla against microorganisms of clinical importance. Cold water, hot water, chloroform and methanol extracts of the leaf, stem and fruit of E. heterophylla were obtained. The phytochemical properties of the plant parts were determined, and antimicrobial analyses of extracts investigated against sixteen clinical isolates, in accordance with standard procedures. The microorganisms tested were nine clinical bacterial strains which included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIB 950, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli NCIB 86, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus NCIB 8588, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens, and seven fungal strains which were Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichoderma viride, Trichophyton rubrum, and Malassezia furfur...
Bioprospecting of Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham
Nature always stands as a golden mark to exemplify the outstanding phenomenon of symbiosis. The history of herbal medicines is as old as human civilization. Many herbal remedies have been employed in various medicinal systems for the treatment and management of different ailments. Euphorbia nivulia Buch. – Ham. a member of Euphorbiaceae family is a wild, thorny, xerophytic, succulent plant, commonly used in fencing of the agricultural field and also in dry barren areas. It has different biological activities for the treatment of several ailments of human being. It possesses antimicrobial, wound healing, haemostatic, larvicidal, insecticidal, nematicidal and cytotoxic activity. Chemically, it contains terpenes, glycoproteins, phytoelements and phytochemicals. This article provides informative data on ethnobotanical importance and bioprospecting of Euphorbia nivulia Buch. - Ham.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, H. Botany
Although plant-based medicine is a traditional approach since the ancient eras, remarkable progress was observed last decades in using different conventions in introducing, analyzing and comparing medicinal plants on scientific bases. Thus, we established this work with the goal in mind to compare the morphological traits, essential bioactive secondary metabolites and the total antioxidant capacities of two Euphorbaceae members; Euphorbia maculata and Euphorbia peplus. Moreover, we aimed also to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of these two Euphorbes as biological resources against some microbial strains viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtili, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus flavus. The obtained bio-growth markers referred to the stronger invading nature of Euphorbia maculata over Euphorbia peplus. This conclusion is additionally strengthened by the higher levels of antimicrobial activity of E. maculata versus E. peplus. In support, the total carotenoid content of E.maculata augmented also that of E. peplus by 49.4%. On the contrary, the total flavonoids and phenolics contents recorded 92.65% and 83.05 % increments for E. peplus over E.maculata. These contradictory results may give us a good interpretation of the convergent total antioxidant capacities; 5155.2 and 6685Ug/g F.Wt in E. maculata and E. peplus respectively. From the previously mentioned findings, the authors recommended, Euphorbia maculata and Euphorbia peplus, these invasive species, be employed as exceptional natural antimicrobial managers that could be adopted for the improvement of new medications dealing safely with infectious diseases. Besides, these biological resources consider more confident antioxidants in the food packaging industries.
2011
abstract Euphorbiaceae is among the large flowering plant families consisting of a wide variety of vegetative forms some of which are plants of great importance. Its classification and chemistry have of late been subjects of interest possibly because of the wide variety of chemical composition of its members, many of which are poisonous but useful. In this review, we have tried to demonstrate why Euphorbiaceae are important medicinal plants. Two important issues have come up.
phytopharmacological review on Euphorbia thymifolia Linn
International journal of health sciences
The main aim of this paper is different pharmacological activity of plant Euphorbia thymifolia L. belongs to family Euphorbiaceae. The herb used as traditional folk medicine and commonly known as laghududhikaor choti‑dudhi. The plant is annual, small branch, pubescent and contains white milky latex. The plant used in various therapeutic activity by using different solvent like ethanol, methanol, water etc. shows antimicrobial, antifungal, antiasthamatic, anticancer, antidiarrheal, laxative, antioxidant, antiviral, antidiabetic etc. the other pharmacological activity mention in given review article.
The presence of polycyclic diterpene esters in Euphorbia plants sap makes it highly irritant and notably corrosive causing burning pain of skin. The toxic nature of the Euphorbia is discouraging their uses despite the possible manifold therapeutic potentials. Euphorbia neriifolia (Euphorbiaceae) commonly known as Thuar is a sacculant shrub commonly and abundantly found as hedge plant in Central India. This study was designed to screen the physiochemical properties of latex and dermal irritation potential of its different solvent fractions targeting to retain the triterpene content high to extract therapeutic utilization. Physico-chemical, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical, dermal irritation and sensitization profile and topical anti-inflammatory activity of E. neriifolia latex were studied. Fresh latex contains 10.95 % solid with 18.32 % total resinous matter, and 24.50 % and 16.23 % of total diterpene and triterpene respectively. Petroleum ether fractionation showed 63.80 % yield with rich presence of steroid and triterpenoid. Pet. ether fraction was found to be apparently nonirritating with a PII score of 0.43/0.11 for erythema and edema according to Draize Dermal Classification System. Chloroform, acetone and water fractions are skin irritating due to presence of high diterpene content where as pet. ether fraction is rich in triterpene showing nonirritant activity. Topically latex pet. ether fraction at 750 and 500 mg/ml dose showed 42.40 and 35.25 % inhibition of carrageenan induced paw edema. Anti-inflammatory activity of latex pet. ether fraction is due to presence of triterpenes euphol, nerifoliol and cycloartenol. This study explores safe topical use profile of E. neriifolia latex retaining its anti-inflammatory efficacy.