Airborne, Vehicle-Derived Fe-Bearing Nanoparticles in the Urban Environment: A Review (original) (raw)
2019, Environmental Science & Technology
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The likely health and environmental implications associated with atmospheric 9 nanoparticles have prompted considerable recent research activity. Knowledge of the 10 characteristics of these particles has improved considerably due to an ever growing interest in 11 the scientific community, though not yet sufficient to enable regulatory decision making on a 12 particle number basis. This review synthesizes the existing knowledge of nanoparticles in the 13 urban atmosphere, highlights recent advances in our understanding and discusses research 14 priorities and emerging aspects of the subject. The article begins by describing the 15 characteristics of the particles and in doing so treats their formation, chemical composition 16 and number concentrations, as well as the role of removal mechanisms of various kinds. This 17 is followed by an overview of emerging classes of nanoparticles (i.e. manufactured and bio-18 fuel derived), together with a brief discussion of other sources. The subsequent section 19 provides a comprehensive review of the working principles, capabilities and limitations of the 20 main classes of advanced instrumentation that are currently deployed to measure number and 21 size distributions of nanoparticles in the atmosphere. A further section focuses on the 22 dispersion modelling of nanoparticles and associated challenges. Recent toxicological and 23 epidemiological studies are reviewed so as to highlight both current trends and the research 24 needs relating to exposure to particles and the associated health implications. The review then 25 addresses regulatory concerns by providing an historical perspective of recent developments 26 together with the associated challenges involved in the control of airborne nanoparticle 27
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