No Additive Effects of Polyphenol Supplementation and Exercise Training on White Adiposity Determinants of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Insulin-Resistant Rats (original) (raw)
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Separately, polyphenols and exercise are known to prevent insulin resistance (IR) but their combined curative effects on established obesity and IR require further investigation. Therefore, we compared the metabolic effects of a combination of exercise and grape polyphenols supplementation in obese IR rats with high-fat diet (EXOPP) to the effect of high-fat diet alone (HF) or with a nutritional supplementation of grape polyphenols (PP) or with endurance exercise (EXO) during 8 wks. We observed an improvement of systemic and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in EXO and EXOPP rats. EXOPP rats compared to HF rats presented a lower insulinemia and HOMA-IR with higher liver and muscle glycogen contents. Interestingly, EXOPP rats had a 68% enhanced endurance capacity compared to EXO rats with also a higher activation of AMPK compared to sedentary and EXO rats with increased lipid oxidation. Together, our results suggest that grape polyphenols supplementation combined with exercise has ...
Antioxidants, 2022
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic with severe metabolic consequences. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites in plants and the most abundant dietary antioxidants, which possess a wide range of health effects. The most relevant food sources are fruit and vegetables, red wine, black and green tea, coffee, virgin olive oil, and chocolate, as well as nuts, seeds, herbs, and spices. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of a pure, isolated polyphenol supplementation to counteract the pernicious metabolic effects of a high-fat diet (HFD). Our results indicated that the administration of pure, isolated polyphenols under HFD conditions for 26 weeks worsened the glucose metabolism in diet-induced obese mice. The data showed that the main target organ for these undesirable effects were the kidneys, where we observed fibrotic, oxidative, and kidney-disease markers. This work led us to conclude that the administration of pure polyphenols as a food supplement would not be advisable. Inst...
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The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased worldwide over the past three decades. The conventional approaches to prevent or treat this syndrome and its associated complications include a balanced diet, an increase energy expenditure, and lifestyle modification. Multiple pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have been developed with the aim of improving obesity complications. Recently, the use of functional foods and their bioactive components is considered a new approach in the prevention and management of this disease. Due to their biological properties, polyphenols may be considered as nutraceuticals and food supplement recommended for different syndromes. Polyphenols are a class of naturally-occurring phytochemicals, some of which have been shown to modulate physiological and molecular pathways involved in energy metabolism. Polyphenols could act in the stimulation of β-oxidation, adipocyte differentiation inhibition, counteract oxidative stress, etc. In thi...
Adipobiology, 2012
Recent studies demonstrate that adipokine secretion is altered in cardiometabolic diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (ms). polyphenols are the most important phytochemicals in grape because they possess many biological activities and health-promoting effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of grape polyphenol concentrate "Enoant" on secretion of adipokines in ms in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). We found that the development of experimental ms is accompanied by a significant increase in plasma levels of visfatin and resistin (pro-inflammatory adipokines), whereas the level of adiponectin (anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic adipokine) was decreased. however, the introduction of grape polyphenol concentrate "Enoant" to animal diet in ms led to a decrease in resistin and visfatin plasma levels, whereas the adiponectin level was significantly increased. To test whether the observed changes may be related to the direct action of grape polyphenols on adipocyte secretion, we used primary cultures of adipocytes isolated from adipose tissue of control animals and from animals with ms. It was found that incubation of cells for 48 h in the presence of grape polyphenol concentrate is accompanied by a significant decrease in the visfatin concentration in the incubation medium, compared to control. In cultured adipocytes isolated from the adipose tissue of animals with experimental ms, polyphenol concentrate induced a significant increase in adiponectin and decrease in visfatin secretion. These findings suggest salutogenic action of grape polyphenol concentrate "Enoant" in experimental ms. Further studies are required to evaluate whether "Enoant" might be beneficial for cardiometabolic health via the secretion of other metabotrophic adipokines (e.g., Il-10, ngF, bDnF).
Novel insights of dietary polyphenols and obesity
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2014
Adipose tissue has an important endocrine function in the regulation of whole-body metabolism. Obesity leads to a chronic low-grade inflammation of the adipose tissue, which disrupts this endocrine function and results in metabolic derangements, such as type-2 diabetes. Dietary bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and certain fatty acids, are known to suppress both systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and have the potential to improve these obesityassociated metabolic disorders. Mechanistically, polyphenolic compounds including non-flavonoids, such as curcumin and resveratrol, and flavonoids, such as catechins (tea-polyphenols), quercetin and isoflavones, suppress nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (MAPK) pathways while activating the 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in adipose tissue. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), such as oleic acid, also impart anti-inflammatory effects through several mechanisms. These include activation of AMPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), as well as suppression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NF-κB pathway. This review discusses the major molecular mechanisms of dietary polyphenols and fatty acids, alone or in combination, which are responsible for adipose tissue-associated anti-inflammatory effects.
A polyphenol rescues lipid induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2014
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissues are known to be two important insulin target sites. Therefore, lipid 29 induced insulin resistance in these tissues greatly contributes in the development of type 2 diabetes 30 (T2D). Ferulic acid (FRL) purified from the leaves of Hibiscus mutabilis, showed impressive effects in 31 preventing saturated fatty acid (SFA) induced defects in skeletal muscle cells. Impairment of insulin 32 signaling molecules by SFA was significantly waived by FRL. SFA markedly reduced insulin receptor b 33 (IRb) in skeletal muscle cells, this was affected due to the defects in high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) 34 protein obtruded by phospho-PKCe and that adversely affects IRb mRNA expression. FRL blocked PKCe 35 activation and thereby permitted HMGA1to activate IRb promoter which improved IR expression defi-36 ciency. In high fat diet (HFD) fed diabetic rats, FRL reduced blood glucose level and enhanced lipid uptake 37 activity of adipocytes isolated from adipose tissue. Importantly, FRL suppressed fetuin-A (FetA) gene 38 expression, that reduced circulatory FetA level and since FetA is involved in adipose tissue inflammation, 39 a significant attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines occurred. Collectively, FRL exhibited certain 40 unique features for preventing lipid induced insulin resistance and therefore promise a better therapeutic 41 choice for T2D. 42
Food Research International, 2014
Polyphenols generally show beneficial health effects upon supplementation in diet-induced obese rodent models, including reduced body weight gain and reduced levels of markers for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, there appear to be large differences between studies, which might be due to differences in models, strains, dietary background, or even concentration of polyphenol that is used. Therefore, we performed a systematic phenotypic evaluation of the effects of selected polyphenols in wildtype C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice. Epigallocatechin-gallate, quercetin, and resveratrol, representing three different phenolic classes, were each added in equimolar amounts (0.50% (w/w), 0.33%, and 0.25%, respectively) to a purified moderate high fat (30 energy%) diet for 12 weeks. We studied the polyphenol-induced physiological and molecular effects between them and relative to the non-supplemented control group during and at the end of the nutritional intervention. Results showed that these polyphenols were present in circulation, but did not induce beneficial health effects as analyzed by oral glucose tolerance testing or serum adipokines and CVD-markers such as vascular adhesion molecules. Remarkably, transcriptomics of white adipose tissue showed overlapping sets of significantly differential transcript levels between these polyphenols; AMPK and Notch signaling were affected by these polyphenols. However, mitochondrial processes and mitochondrial density in this tissue did not differ between the polyphenols, which suggested that there was no direct effect on adipose tissue.
doi:10.1155/2011/285618 Research Article Effect of Plant Polyphenols on Adipokine Secretion from
2013
Copyright © 2011 Christos S. Derdemezis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction. Adipose tissue contributes to atherosclerosis with mechanisms related to adipokine secretion. Polyphenols may exhibit antiatherogenic properties. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of three polyphenols, namely, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and resveratrol on adipokine secretion from cultured human adipocytes. Methods.HumanSGBS adipocytes were treated with quercetin, EGCG, and resveratrol for 24 and 48 hours. Visfatin, leptin, and adiponectin were measured
Relationship between Common Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity-Induced Inflammation
Food and Public Health
The incidence of obesity and its related metabolic disorders has escalated dramatically in the past decades worldwide. Defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, obesity is presently the major health challenge in developed countries and the causative factor of numerous diseases such as heart problems, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Presence of high level of cytokines and acute phase proteins associated with inflammation in obese individuals relates obesity to chronic low-grade inflammation. Obesity-induced inflammation has an impact on insulin resistance and cardiac health. Polyphenols including catechins, tocopherols, resveratrol, curcumin and anthocyanins have been shown to reduce adipose tissue inflammation. It has been broadly accepted that adipocyte dysfunction plays a major role in development of obesity and obesity related complications. This state is characterised by hypersecretion of pro-atherogenic, pro-inflammatory and pro-diabetic adipokines as well as decreased secretion of adiponectin. The dietary polyphenols described in this review have potential as nutritional strategies for the prevention of obesity and associated inflammation as well as increase in insulin sensitivity in diabetic people.
The effect of polyphenol to visceral fat profile protein at obesity model rat
2016
Objective: To asses visceral fat profile protein between normal and obesity model rat. Material and Methods: Normal and obesity rat model have been treated with polyphenol from rambutan peel extract for 12 weeks. Rat were divided into 2 major group based on their weight which normal rat and obesity model rat respectively have average weight 180-200 gram and 360-380 gram. This treatment were divided into minor group which are placebo (without treatment), treatment with ellagic acid and treatment with polyphenol (dosage 15 mg/kg body weight; 30 mg/kg body weight and 60 mg/kg body weight. Rat were sacrificed after 12 weeks treatment to asses visceral fat profile protein and continue with running SDS PAGE12,5 %. Protein molecular weight sample were calculated with regression analysis between marker protein mobility and logarithm from marker. Band protein analysis were analyze qualitative with SDS PAGE meanwhile quantitative analysis with Gel Doc (Bio Rad). Density band protein were a...