Competitiveness of EU vs. US (original) (raw)
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Contemporary approaches to measuring competitiveness – the case of EU member states
Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics: Journal of Economics and Business, 2017
Competitiveness represents a concept that has occupied a great deal of the economic theorists' attention for decades. Due to its complexity and different perceptions, it has not been uniquely defined yet and neither has its measurement system been completely developed. The problem of the conducted research arises from the fact that the countries mostly due to structural and other constraints in the economy (or in cases where they have high levels of GDP) do not use the available inputs in the best way, i.e. they do not achieve a satisfactory level of economic efficiency, which is then reflected on the competitiveness of their economies. The aim of the research paper is to demonstrate how a combination of using Data Envelopment Analysis Method (DEA) and the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) in ranking the countries according to the macroeconomic competitiveness is more realistic than it is in the case of using the traditional indicators. In the paper, in evaluating the competitiveness of selected EU Member States the Data Envelopment Analysis Method (DEA) is used. Based on the previous researches and our research results it is found that the traditional indicators of competitiveness are incomplete because they do not consider the macroeconomic efficiency of the country. Therefore, we propose to apply a combination of GCI and the efficiency results obtained by DEA in order to achieve a more realistic evaluation of macroeconomic competitiveness. As a key outcome of the research, the new measure of competitiveness is proposed: a combination of traditional competitiveness indicator and the results of the evaluation of countries' macroeconomic efficiency obtained by applying BCC model of DEA method.
Global Competitiveness of the European Union Member States: Evolution and Perspectives
STUDIES AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES. ECONOMICS EDITION
Our paper is analyzing the theoretical and empirical research in the field of competitiveness and it presents the methodology of determining the global competitiveness index. Also, our paper is analyzing the evolution of the global competitiveness index in the Member States of the European Union, in the last years. The results obtained show that more than half of European Union Member States recorded an increase in the global competitiveness index on the account of the basic influence factors. With the exception of six countries (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, France, Italy, Malta), the European Union countries show a favorable influence of the efficiency on the index of global competitiveness. The highest contribution of the efficiency on the increase of global competitiveness is recorded in Portugal, Romania, Latvia, Lithuania and Bulgaria; on the opposite side is Malta, Cyprus and Germany. Regarding the influence of innovation, only three countries have recorded a negative impact of ...
Management, 2021
Enhancing competitiveness in the era of globalization has become an essential topic of academic and policy debates for all contemporary economies. The role of a country’s competitiveness has been addressed by many scholars aiming to assess the extent to which this concept is associated with economic prosperity matters, such as social welfare and attracting foreign direct investments. Along with this debate, there has been a growing interest in understanding the linkages between the competitive forces and the gap in economic progress across the EU members, this being one of the main concerns within the EU. Filling this gap and achieving greater convergence among the EU countries has been one of the critical goals in shaping the European structural policy reforms. However, following the empirical findings, there has been little consensus on what are the main sources of a country’s economic progress as addressed through the prism of national competitiveness, particularly if being studi...
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The EU climate policy affects the competitiveness of both the European Union (EU) as a whole and individual member states, leading countries to search for new knowledge to increase their national competitiveness. However, there has been little empirical research about the implementation of green competitive strategies in the common European space from different countries’ perspectives. Using the Porter Hypothesis and system theory, this paper explores national competitive strategies that align with climate neutrality in the EU. We used index construction, clusterization, principal components analysis and trajectories change analysis to analyze data from the 24 EU countries from a 10-year period (2012–2021). The main findings reveal three green competitiveness profiles and five green competitiveness progress strategies in the EU. We found that EU countries have different strategies and conditions in terms of their transition towards climate neutrality and competitiveness, which ultim...
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Summarizing the results of theoretical and empirical research, the paper highlights key aspects of the evolution of the debates in the field, it presents the methodology of determining the global competitiveness index and reproduces its development in the Member States of the European Union. More than half of European Union Member States recorded an increase in the global competitiveness index on the account of the basic influence factors. With the exception of six countries (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Croatia, France, Italy, Malta), the other EU countries show a favorable influence of the efficiency on the index of global competitiveness. The highest contribution of the efficiency on the increase of global competitiveness is recorded in Portugal, Romania, Latvia, Lithuania and Bulgaria; on the opposite side is Malta, Cyprus and Germany. Regarding the influence of innovation, only three countries stand out by a negative impact on the global competitiveness index: Finland (-0.08), Spain (-0.0...
Which Competitiveness for Europe?
Enhancing competitiveness is at the top of the EU Commission policy agenda. Its view is that competitiveness is at the heart of economic growth and in the current crisis much of the policy advice from Brussels has focused on ways to restore the competitiveness of weaker countries. Following the insights of official reports (European Competitiveness Report by DG Enterprise, 2013) as well as of recent literature in this field , this paper challenges the mainstream notions of wage-driven price competitiveness as a determinant of export success od EU countries. The role of technology, product quality, immaterial capabilities and characteristics of goods and sectors are crucial factors explaining the dynamics of productivity and competitiveness in Europe. This paper will rely on the empirical studies which have used more comprehensive tools and indexes -accounting for the role of technology and the international fragmentation of production -to measure countries' productivity and competitiveness (e.g. Tiffin 2014). Finally, the EU Commission policy agenda is reviewed and the competitiveness implications of alternative industrial policy proposals (EuroMemo Group 2013; Pianta, 2014) are discussed.
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Why do some countries grow much faster, and have much better trade performance, than other countries? What are the crucial factors behind such differences, and what can governments do in order to improve the relative position of their economies? This paper outlines a synthetic framework, based on Schumpeterian logic, for analysing such questions. Four different aspects of competitiveness are identified; technology, costs, capacity and demand. The framework is applied to a sample of 49 countries between 1993 and 2001.
Competitiveness in the Context of Euro 2020 Strategy
We relied this research on the findings of a previous study which (by means of Factor Analysis procedure) revealed two factors/dimensions of country-level competitiveness in the initial dataset of twelve variables provided by the raw data (Competitiveness Dataset -xls), on which was built The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 (World Economic Forum, 2014a. Furthermore, the first factor/dimension of competitiveness (Smart Growth) suggests a possible link with the objectives set by the Strategy Euro 2020 (a smart, inclusive and sustainable Europe). In this respect, the aim of this paper is (based on the above-mentioned data and findings) to propose a synthetic indicator of country-level competitiveness and to deepen the analysis by investigating the possible causal relationships between the proposed index and the objectives of Euro 2020 Strategy. Thus, we have proposed a number of nine research hypotheses, which have been tested and most of them validated by means of linear regression procedure.