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Political opposition to globalisation has risen in industrialized countries, although the positive overall effects on the growth of the world economy and the alleviation of poverty are empirically verifiable. However, the effects of globalisation vary according to regions, professional groups, and education. In the period of intensive globalisation, unemployment and inequality have risen, and people feel their lives to be determined by forces they cannot influence. Since the many new challenges, such as climate protection, can be better solved by worldwide efforts, it is indispensable to avoid new national barriers and to strengthen the endorsement of globalisation and the concomitant welfare effects. However, it is also necessary to respect cultural differences in preferences and to view globalisation as a search and learning process. Instruments for the implementation of such a strategy may vary according to regional specifics. Social and ecological goalsgaining higher importance with rising per capita incomes-are well-represented in the European model, but for worldwide solutions other socioeconomic models will offer preferences and solutions. Apart from the announced partial withdrawal of the United States from globalisation and the upcoming dominance of China in world affairs and large scale investment, Europe would be well-advised to take a greater responsibility if not the lead in determining the rules of globalisation. Based on an opinion-forming process within Europe, responsible globalisation can significantly improve the quality of life in Europe and its partners worldwide.
Committee on Globalisation Action Paper
The Voice of THIMUN Youth, 2001
We believe that globalisation is defined firstly by an exponentially increasing flow of capital and goods, followed by a constantly rising flow of ideas. Local events have global impacts, and vice versa. Every country is affected by globalisation, yet governments have the possibilities to actively participate in it or to attempt to resist it. Modern globalisation dates back to the end of World War II with the creation of international organisations, yet it has been considerably fostered by the end of the Cold War. Taking into account the multiple facets of globalisation, we have focused on the following topics: the economy, politics, culture and society, and the environment. The linked document is the first ever "The Voice of THIMUN Youth", a collection of action papers from The Hague International Model United Nations (THIMUN) Youth Assembly. I was part of the Committee on Globalisation. Our action paper starts on page 58 of the .pdf. Other authors (not on academia.edu): Kimon Haars, Phoebus Istavrioglou, Fuat Pamukcu, Jean-Michel Rousseau, Karen Sarkavagyan, and Zu Huei Tay.
Globalisation and the Policy Challenges.pdf
whether it should be encouraged or discouraged. While the liberal scholars argue that globalisation is a form of unavoidable interdependence among states that equally leads to national development; the radical scholars see it as a form of imperialism consciously designed to further exploit the resources of the developing nations and perpetuate their poverty in the interest of developed countries. Without prejudice to the two extreme views, we argued that the effects of globalisation on societies depend more or less on the policies and programmes of the affected countries. Hence, in the light of the constructivist view, we concluded that globalisation may be exploitative if the excesses are not checked by the affected countries; it can as well be development-oriented if the related policies and programmes are properly formulated and implemented. In essence, the benefits of globalisations should be encouraged while the demerits should be discarded through the implementation of properly formulated policies and programmes.
Towards Creating the Right Kind of Globalisation –Why it does not happen, and what to do about it
Our global economy, though marked by deep and urgent social and ecological problems, is underpinned by law and ethics. So it is self-evident that our social and ecological problems must be related in some way to at least some of our existing legal and ethical concepts and practices. It is also self-evident that while there are cultural differences in values and ethics1, the right kind of globalisation would ameliorate rather than exacerbate social and ecological challenges, as our boombust economy does by its very nature2. I will first outline the four key issues in our globalising economy; second, explore the background to some of these issues as well as six consequences for our day; third, consider the flouting of law around the world today, exploring the roots of the phenomenon; and, fourth, present some proposals for creating the right kind of globalisation.
Controversies of Globalisation
2000
Globalisation is the latest stage in the permanent process of social change that started as industrialisation and modernisation in Europe but now is spreading globally. The paper analyzes different globalisation theories and how the recent wave of globalisation (in the last 30 years) is related to historical events that caused change in economy, ideology and technol ogy. Globalisation is defined as the process of converting separate national economies into an integrated world economy; in the social sphere as intensifying social relations on distance and in the political sphere as a loss of power and authority of nation-states. Starting with that definition the main part of the paper is devoted to analysing economic, social and political in dicators, and the consequences of globalisation. As a term and ongoing process globalisation becomes widely recognised, and people with usually very different ideological views begin to foim a new “strange” alliance against globalisation.
Globalisation and less developed countries
This report wants to discuss that globalisation has had a mostly negative effect and drawbacks on less developed countries, whilst at the same time having a positive effect on developed countries, especially Western Europe and North America. In addition the report seeks to discuss globalisation impact on less developed nations in the three important fields, such as economy that globalisation indeed has failed to rid the world of poverty. The field of technology and politics, in which globalisation has definitely impact on developing and less developed nations. Rather than being a barrier for development, globalisation now seems more like an economic temptress, promising riches to everyone but only delivering to the few. Although the global average per capita income rose strongly throughout the 20th century, the income gap between rich and poor countries has been widening for many decades (in 1990 was 59:1 but in 2000 it has become 70:1).
Theoretical Issues and Policy Challenges of Globalisation in the Development of Societies
Contentions over the effects of globalisation on different societies have been generating diverse opinions on whether it should be encouraged or discouraged. While the liberal scholars argue that globalisation is a form of unavoidable interdependence among states that equally leads to national development; the radical scholars see it as a form of imperialism consciously designed to further exploit the resources of the developing nations and perpetuate their poverty in the interest of developed countries. Without prejudice to the two extreme views, we argued that the effects of globalisation on societies depend more or less on the policies and programmes of the affected countries. Hence, in the light of the constructivist view, we concluded that globalisation may be exploitative if the excesses are not checked by the affected countries; it can as well be development-oriented if the related policies and programmes are properly formulated and implemented. In essence, the benefits of globalisations should be encouraged while the demerits should be discarded through the implementation of properly formulated policies and programmes.