Prioritization of neglected tropical zoonotic diseases: A one health perspective from Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia (original) (raw)
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Critical Systematic Review of Zoonoses and Transboundary Animal Diseases’ Prioritization in Africa
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Background: Disease prioritization aims to enhance resource use efficiency concerning human and animal health systems’ preparedness and response to the most important problems for the optimization of beneficial outcomes. In sub-Sahara Africa (SSA), several prioritizations of zoonoses and transboundary animal diseases (TADs) have been implemented at different scales to characterize potential disease impacts. Method and principal findings: In this systematic review, we analyze the methodologies used, outcomes, and their relevance by discussing criteria required to align decision-makers’ perceptions of impacts to those of other stakeholders for different prioritization in SSA. In general, the sectorial representativeness of stakeholders for processes implemented with the support of international partners showed slight differences with the absence of local stakeholders. Whatever the tool prioritized, zoonoses were similar in general because of the structured nature of those tools in ass...
PLOS ONE
Zoonotic diseases continue to affect the health and livelihood of resource limited communities. In Ethiopia, despite the presence of a national master plan for prevention, control and elimination of some common zoonotic diseases, well-organized epidemiological data regarding incidence and distribution are lacking. A retrospective cross-sectional study based on a patient medical data recorded from 2012-2016 in selected districts of Southern Tigray, North Wollo zone of Amhara region and Ab'Ala district of Afar region was conducted to map the distribution and Incidence proportion of major zoonotic diseases. The incidence proportion of four major zoonotic diseases (helminthiasis, tuberculosis (TB), rabies and schistosomiasis) was mapped using qGIS software based on the Health Management Information System (HMIS) data collected from district health facilities. The result indicated that, out of a total 1,273,145 observed human disease cases, 53,614 (4.2%) of them were potential zoonotic diseases that include: helminthiasis (51,192), TB (2,085), rabies (227), schistosomiasis (105) and visceral leishmaniasis (7). The highest incidence proportion of TB (262.8 cases per 100,000 population) and rabies (33.2 cases per 100,000 population) were recorded in Gubalafto and Weldya followed by Raya Alamata (253.4 cases per 100,000 population %), and Ab'Ala and Raya Azebo (29 cases each per 100,000 population) for TB and rabies, respectively. The highest incidence proportion for schistosomiasis was reported in Raya Alamata (50.1 cases per 100,000 population) followed by Gubalafto and Weldya (10.8 cases per 100,000 population). The incidence proportion of visceral leishmaniasis per 100,000 population was 4.1, 1.3 and 1.2 cases for Ab'Ala, Gubalafto and Weldiya, and Raya Azebo districts, respectively. Except rabies, which showed high incidence proportion (p<0.0001) in 5-14 age groups, the other zoonotic diseases showed higher incidence proportion (p<0.0001) in age groups above 15 years. Rabies, helminthiasis and schistosomiasis showed statistically significant variation (p<0.0001) among seasons. Rabies and TB showed decreasing trend within the data recorded years. In animals, only 31 rabies cases and 15 anthrax cases were recorded from 2012 to 2016. This finding highlighted the distribution and incidence of some major zoonotic diseases in the study areas. Systematic and detailed research should be conducted in the future to map the distribution of major zoonotic
MEDVIX PUBLICATIONS, 2024
A cross-sectional study using a structured and semi-structured questionnaire was conducted from July 15 to September 30, 2022, in Kellem Wollega Zone, with the main goal of determining the community's knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding common zoonotic diseases (Anthrax, Brucellosis, and Rabies) and their prevention and control measures. A total of 392 (267 male and 125 female) respondents were interviewed face to face that includes 50 (12.8%) degree and above, 66 (16.8%) diplomas, 99 (25.3%) grade 1-8, 48 (12.2%) learning or completed high school and 129 (32.9%) uneducated respondents. With respect to occupation, 46 (11.7%) animal health and human health professionals, 66 (16.8%) other experts, 56 (14.3%) students, 34 (3.6%) merchants, and 190 (48.5%) farmers were contacted for interviews. The community's Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the study area regarding zoonotic diseases were 221 (56.4%), 317 (80.8%), and 219 (55.8%), respectively. From the total of 263 educated respondents, 178(67.7%) have good knowledge, good perceptions, and practices regarding common zoonotic diseases, while only 85 (32.3%) of them have no information about zoonotic diseases. But, of the total 129 uneducated respondents, only 51(39.5%) have general knowledge, good perceptions, and practices on these diseases, and 78(60.5%) of them heard nothing about zoonotic diseases. In general, out of 392 respondents, 186 (47.5%) have general information on all common zoonotic diseases in the study area (Anthrax, Brucellosis, and Rabies). More respondents have awareness of Rabies 213 (54.3%), followed by Anthrax 201 (51.3%) and Brucellosis 90 (22.9%) as indicated in Table 2 and Figure 3. Statistically, sex, educational level, and type of occupation have a significant impact (P<0.05) on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the community on zoonotic diseases (Table 3). This indicates that females, uneducated respondents, and those respondents with non-related occupations to the health profession were found to have less awareness of zoonotic diseases. It may be due to a lack of training or education, the presence of a knowledge gap from person to person, and differences in circumstances of awareness creation from place to place on zoonotic diseases. Therefore, designing a strategic and continuous health education is mandatory and all concerned professionals need to be committed to creating awareness for the community on zoonotic diseases.
Perception of the public on the common zoonotic diseases in Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia
This study was conducted with the objective of assessing the perception of the public on common zoonotic diseases in Southwestern Ethiopia using a face-to-face interviewing technique. The respondents were stratified into four groups, namely: farmers (n=48), smallholder dairy farmers (n=44), butchers (n=34) and city residents (n=49). Many of them (97.1%) knew rabies was a zoonotic disease contracted via the bite and contact with saliva of a rabid dog. There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the level of awareness about rabies in the four respondents groups. Taeniasis was the second most recognised zoonotic disease (84.3%). Anthrax was known by 55.4% of respondents, whereas only 29.1% of them knew tuberculosis can be transmitted from cattle to humans. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the level of awareness with regard to zoonotic tuberculosis in the study groups where small holder dairy farmers had the highest awareness and traditional farmers...
Multisectoral prioritization of zoonotic diseases in Uganda, 2017: A One Health perspective
PloS one, 2018
Zoonotic diseases continue to be a public health burden globally. Uganda is especially vulnerable due to its location, biodiversity, and population. Given these concerns, the Ugandan government in collaboration with the Global Health Security Agenda conducted a One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Workshop to identify zoonotic diseases of greatest national concern to the Ugandan government. The One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization tool, a semi-quantitative tool developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was used for the prioritization of zoonoses. Workshop participants included voting members and observers representing multiple government and non-governmental sectors. During the workshop, criteria for prioritization were selected, and questions and weights relevant to each criterion were determined. We used a decision tree to provide a ranked list of zoonoses. Participants then established next steps for multisectoral engagement for the prioritized...
Assessment of Public Awareness on Common Zoonotic Diseases in Lalo Kile District, Kellem Wollega Zone, Ethiopia, 2019
A questionnaire based cross sectional survey was conducted to assess the awareness of the community about common zoonotic diseases in Lalo Kile District, Kellem Wollega Zone, Ethiopia. A total of 440 (292 male and 148 female) respondents were participated during the interview. A structured questionnaire was prepared and used to ask the respondents categorized into different levels about their knowledge and awareness on common zoonotic diseases in the area. From the total respondent category 82.50% have awareness on rabies, 81.82% have a concept about taeniasis, 81.36% know about bovine tuberculosis, 79.55% know about anthrax and 72.05% know about hydatidosis. These respondents have a concept about transmission, clinical signs, effect and way of control and prevention of the common zoonotic diseases. From the different category of the respondents, educational level and occupational status are statistically significant (P<0.05). 83.86% and 86.36% of the respondents consume raw meat and raw milk, respectively. Most of the respondents know that zoonotic diseases can be transmitted from animals to human, but very few of them know that the disease can be transmitted from human to animals. Therefore, the general continuous awareness creation and teaching of the community about zoonotic disease is very important.
Pastoralism
Zoonotic diseases negatively impact pastoral communities in Ethiopia. In addition to impacts on human health, the interaction between people, livestock and environment which is so fundamental to the pastoralist way of life, means zoonoses pose additional challenges to social bonds and protection networks. These challenges are compounded by adverse impacts from climate change, poor health care services, market problems and cultural practices that increase pastoralists’ vulnerability to zoonotic diseases. This research adopted a grounded theory approach and attempted to capture the perception of Hamer and Dassenetch pastoralists on zoonotic diseases and rangeland health through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Involved in the research were human and animal health experts, and woreda (Woreda is a third level of administrative unit in Ethiopia following region and zone) level government officials. Thematic framework analysis was used to analyse the data. Zoonotic di...
International Journal of Livestock Research, 2016
A questionnaire based cross sectional survey was conducted to assess the awareness of the community about common zoonotic diseases in Lalo Kile District, Kellem Wollega Zone, Ethiopia. A total of 440 (292 male and 148 female) respondents were participated during the interview. A structured questionnaire was prepared and used to ask the respondents categorized into different levels about their knowledge and awareness on common zoonotic diseases in the area. From the total respondent category 82.50% have awareness on rabies, 81.82% have a concept about taeniasis, 81.36% know about bovine tuberculosis, 79.55% know about anthrax and 72.05% know about hydatidosis. These respondents have a concept about transmission, clinical signs, effect and way of control and prevention of the common zoonotic diseases. From the different category of the respondents, educational level and occupational status are statistically significant (P<0.05). 83.86% and 86.36% of the respondents consume raw meat and raw milk, respectively. Most of the respondents know that zoonotic diseases can be transmitted from animals to human, but very few of them know that the disease can be transmitted from human to animals. Therefore, the general continuous awareness creation and teaching of the community about zoonotic disease is very important.
Health and economic burden of foodborne zoonotic diseases in Amhara region, Ethiopia
PLOS ONE, 2021
Diseases from food of animal origin are common health problems in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate health and economic burden, and to identify demographic factors associated with community awareness of foodborne zoonotic diseases in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Data was collected from 435 households in three towns: Gondar, Lalibela and Debark. A retrospective data was also collected from health records in each town. The health burden due to zoonotic diseases was estimated at 0.2, 0.1 and 1.3 DALYs per household per year and at 73.2, 146.6 and 1,689.5 DALYs out of 100,000 populations per year in Gondar, Lalibela and Debark, respectively. The overall health burden due to foodborne zoonotic diseases (aggregated over the 435 households in the three towns) was estimated to be 89.9 DALYs per 100,000 populations per year. The economic impact of foodborne zoonotic diseases in the three towns of Amhara regional state was 278.98 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) (1ETB = 0.025 US D...