Dual infection in human by Japanese encephalitis virus & chikungunya virus in Alappuzha district, Kerala, India (original) (raw)
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IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
Coinfection means simultaneous infection by two or more virus. Dengue and Chikungunya are viral infections caused by RNA virus (arbovirus). The transmitting vector for both viruses is Aediesaegypti. Human co-infection with DENV and CHIKV have been reported in India since 1967. DENV and CHIKV share a number of similarities in clinical presentation which includes seasonal transmission cycle. This study was carried out in Virology Department, PDU Medical College, Rajkot. A total of 3810, 2122 and 1605 hospitalized patients were serologically screened for DENV, CHIKV and both, respectively between July and October 2017 by IgM Capture ELISA. Co-infection was defined as a positive IgM assay for both infections.60 (3.73%) were IgM positive for both DENV and CHIKV. 474 (12.44%) were mono-infected with DENV and 721 (33.97%) were mono-infected with CHIKV. Simultaneous infection with Dengue and Chikungunya viruses is having more severity than single infection. Early detection and time bound Notification of the positive cases help to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate and help the health authorities to execute effective measures for prevention and control of diseases. This will also help in increasing vigilance before any epidemic.
A Study on Chikv-Denv Co-Infection in West Bengal, India
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2016
Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue viruses (DENV) are both present individually in West Bengal and infection caused by both simultaneously has been recorded since 1965. Objectives: In 2011, a study was carried out to detect co-infection due to both the viruses from 671 blood samples collected from febrile patients attending OPDs and in-patient departments of different tertiary care hospitals of Kolkata and different district hospitals of West Bengal from March 2011-November 2011. The samples were tested for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody against both CHIKV and DENV by the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: 493 patients (73.47%) had IgM antibody against CHIKV and 105 (15.65%) patients had IgM antibody against DENV, whereas 41 patients (6.11%) had IgM antibodies against both CHIKV and DENV. Fever, joint pain, rashes, headache, body-ache were the common complaints. Severe arthralgia and joint swelling was complained mainly by the CHIKV-positive cases. Headache, retro-orbital pain and altered sensorium were mainly associated with DENV positive cases. No mortality was observed. Conclusion: Detection of IgM antibodies by ELISA against both appears to play an important role in differentiating between the two and initiating proper treatment.
Makara Journal of Health Research
Background: Acute fever with dengue-like fever symptoms with headache, rash, arthritis, perifer bleeding like petechiae and rinhorrhea are symptoms that often complained by patient and it may be caused by arboviruses infection. Arboviruses are very endemic in Indonesia, especially dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalisitis virus (JEV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) that causing similar symptoms. Molecular detection is very important to confirm the etiology for adequate management. Methods: This study investigated the etiological agent using one step real time RT reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) method and SYBR Green I as fluorescent binding dye reporter. The viruses that were investigated were JEV and CHIKV. Primers were designed using online software NCBI. Those primers fulfill the good primer requirements and can be used as material in RT PCR reaction. Results: The optimum temperature for all primers were at 60 C. The detection limit of JEV primer was 4355 copy DNA every reaction. Cross reactivity between all primers with DENV serotype 2 RNA and false positive result using healthy person sample were not found. Conclusions: This study has optimized condition for RT PCR protocol that can be used as diagnostic tools for patient with dengue-like fever symptoms.
Concomitant circulation of dengue and chikungunya viruses has been sporadically reported and needs to be individually diagnosed. Several sensitive molecular diagnostics are currently deployed for the diagnosis of both DENV and CHIKV, it is very difficult to delineate the two viral infections based on symptomology, as both share similar clinical presentation. Due to the overlapping nature of clinical signs in DENV and CHIKV infections, there is an urgent need for early and accurate diagnosis to avoid outbreaks aimed at initiating disease specific interventions. The study encompasses the diagnosis of clinically suspected 1024 DENV/ CHIKV patient samples which were collected from AndhraPradesh (AP) and Kerala, India by using in-house developed RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). The results show 43.8% DENV RNA infection and32% CHIKV RNA infection of the total samples obtained from AP. In contrast, samples from Kerala showdengue infection of 16.1%, CHIKV infection of 2.3%. In our study, we found that 23%, 0.1% of the samples were concomitant circulation for CHIKV/DENV in AP and Kerala respectively, suggesting the co-infection of these two viruses.
Co-infections with Chikungunya Virus and Dengue Virus in Delhi, India
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2009
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are common vectors for dengue virus and chikungunya virus. In areas where both viruses cocirculate, they can be transmitted together. During a dengue outbreak in Delhi in 2006, 17 of 69 serum samples were positive for chikungunya virus by reverse transcription-PCR; 6 samples were positive for both viruses. C hikungunya virus (CHIKV) was isolated in Tanganyika (now Tanzania) in 1953 (1). In Asia, this virus is transmitted almost exclusively by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. India had its first CHIKV outbreak in 1963; it was followed by epidemics in other parts of the country (2). Recently, massive outbreaks of CHIKV have been reported from many islands in the Indian Ocean (3). Chikungunya outbreaks in India were reported in 2005, and 1.4 million chikungunya cases were reported from different states (3). Estimated annual incidence of disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) is 50-100 million cases of dengue fever and 250,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever; mortality rate is 25,000 per year in tropical and subtropical countries. Like CHIKV, DENV is also transmitted by Ae. aegypti and is endemic to urban and semiurban areas of India (4). In Asia, the CHIKV-affected areas overlap with DENV-endemic areas (5,6) and provide opportunities for mosquitoes to become infected with both viruses. Coinfection with 2 dengue viruses (DENV-1 and DENV-4) was reported in Puerto Rico in 1982 (7). Since then, many cases of concurrent infections with multiple DENV serotypes have been reported in many countries. Since 2005, co-infections with >2 DENV serotypes have been reported in Delhi, India (8). Co-infections with DENV and CHIKV were reported in Calcutta, India, in 1967 (5). Subsequent serologic investigations in southern India indicated that the 2 viruses can coexist in the same host (9). We report detection by reverse transcription-PCR of co-infections with CHIKV and DENV in clinical samples obtained during the 2006 dengue outbreak in Delhi, India.
VirusDisease, 2016
Chikungunya fever is an important reemerging arbovirus illness, which is transmitted by the same vector as of dengue virus. Many cases of concurrent infections with multiple dengue virus serotypes have been reported in many countries. Also, concurrent infection with Chikungunya virus and dengue virus has been reported in the past in Delhi. Therefore, this study was done to detect Chikungunya IgM antibodies in suspected dengue fever patients. In this study, 1666 serum samples suspected of dengue fever and collected during the outbreak period (August 2010-December 2010) were tested for dengue IgM antibodies, of which 736 tested negative. Of the 736 dengue IgM negative sera, 666 were tested for Chikungunya IgM antibodies. The demographic profile and essential laboratory investigations were recorded. Chikungunya IgM was detected in 9.91 % of the patients. During the post-monsoon period though dengue dominated in numbers, the number of Chikungunya fever cases increased gradually followed by an abrupt decrease with the onset of winter. The Chikungunya IgM positive patients were suffering from fever of more than 5 days duration and had thrombocytopenia. Due to similarity in clinical features and vector transmitting dengue and Chikungunya virus, continuous surveillance of both dengue fever and Chikungunya fever is desirable for better management and epidemiological assessment.
Virology journal, 2018
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are arboviruses that share the same Aedes mosquito vector, and there is much overlap in endemic areas. In India, co-infection with both viruses is often reported. Clinical manifestations of Chikungunya fever is often confused with dengue fever because clinical symptoms of both infections are similar. It is, therefore, difficult to differentiate from those of other febrile illnesses, especially dengue fever. We previously developed a CHIKV antigen detection immunochromatography (IC) rapid diagnosis kit [1]. The current study examined the efficacy of previously mentioned IC kit in India, a dengue-endemic country. Sera from 104 CHIKV-positive (by qRT-PCR) and/or IgM-positive (ELISA) subjects collected in 2016, were examined. Fifteen samples from individuals with CHIKV-negative/DENV-positive and 4 samples from healthy individuals were also examined. Of the 104 CHIKV-positive sera, 20 were co-infected with DENV. The sensitivity, specifici...