Priming of Depth-Rotated Objects Depends on Attention and Part Changes (original) (raw)
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Visual priming of inverted and rotated objects
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 2009
Object images are identified more efficiently after prior exposure. Here, the authors investigated shape representations supporting object priming. The dependent measure in all experiments was the minimum exposure duration required to correctly identify an object image in a rapid serial visual presentation stream. Priming was defined as the change in minimum exposure duration for identification as a function of prior exposure to an object. Experiment 1 demonstrated that this dependent measure yielded an estimate of predominantly visual priming (i.e., free of name and concept priming). Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that although priming was sensitive to orientation, visual priming was relatively invariant with image inversion (i.e., an image visually primed its inverted counterpart approximately as much as it primed itself). Experiment 4 demonstrated a similar dissociation with images rotated 90°off the upright. In all experiments, the difference in the magnitude of priming for identical or rotated-inverted priming conditions was marginal or nonexistent. These results suggest that visual representations that support priming can be relatively insensitive to picture-plane manipulations, although these manipulations have a substantial effect on object identification.
Journal of Experimental …, 1998
Three experiments investigated the role of visual attention in priming for object images and their left-right reflections. Objects to which participants attended were visually primed in both the same view and in the left-right reflected view; ignored objects were primed only in the same view. The effects of attention (attended vs. ignored) and view (same vs. reflected) were strictly additive. These results suggest that 2 separate representations mediate human object recognition (J. E. Hummel & B. J. Stankiewicz, 1996): One requires attention but is invariant with left-right reflection, whereas the other can be activated automatically but is sensitive to left-right reflection. Both representations appear to be invariant with translation across the visual field. The human visual system recognizes objects with remarkable speed and accuracy. A fraction of a second after an image falls on the retina, a person knows what the object is. This is true even if the object is presented in a novel viewpoint or is a new member of a familiar category. Although humans are extremely proficient at recognizing objects, they are limited in the number of objects that can be recognized simultaneously (see Biederman, Blickle, Teitelbaum, & Klatsky, 1988; Ruthruff & Miller, 1995; Treisman & Gelade, 1980). This capacity limitation suggests that attention plays a critical role in object recognition. What is the role of attention in object recognition? Visual attention is known to influence feature selection (
Priming and recognition of transformed three-dimensional objects: Effects of size and reflection
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1992
In 2 experiments exploring memory for unfamiliar 3-dimensional objects, Ss studied drawings under conditions that encouraged encoding of global object structure. Implicit memory for objects was assessed by a judgment of structural possibility; explicit memory was assessed by recognition. The principal manipulation was the relationship between the sizes or the left-right paríties of the studied and tested objects. Priming was observed on the possible-impossible object decision task despite transformations of size or reflection. Recognition, by contrast, was signifi cantly impaired by the transformations. These results suggest that a structural description system constructs representations of objects invaríant over size and reflection, whereas a separable episodic system encodes these transformations as properties of an object's distinctive represen tation in memory.
Size invariance in visual object priming.
1992
Abstract 1. The magnitude of priming resulting from perception of a briefly presented picture of an object in an earlier trial block, as assessed by naming reaction times (RTs), was independent of whether the primed object was presented at the same or a different size as when originally viewed. RTs and error rates for" same" responses for old���new shape judgments were much increased by a change in object size from initial presentation.
The relationship between part shape and location is not well elucidated in current theories of object recognition. Here we investigated the role of shape and location of object parts on recognition, using a classification priming paradigm with novel 3D objects. In Experiment 1, the relative displacement of two parts comprising the prime gradually reduced the priming effect. In Experiment 2, presenting single-part primes in locations progressively different from those in the composite target had no effect on priming. In Experiment 3, manipulating the relative position of composite prime and target strongly affected priming. Finally, in Experiment 4 the relative displacement of single-part primes and composite targets did influence response time. Together, these findings are best interpreted in terms of a hybrid theory, according to which conjunctions of shape and location are explicitly represented at some stage of visual object processing.
The role of visual attention in action priming
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2007
It has been demonstrated that the task-irrelevant left -right orientation of an object is capable of facilitating left -right-hand responses when the object is orientated towards the responding hand. We investigated the role of attention in this orientation effect. Experiment 1 showed that object orientation facilitates responses of the hand that is compatible with the object's orientation, despite the entire object being irrelevant. However, when a task-relevant fixation point was displayed over the prime object in Experiment 2, the effect was not observed. Together Experiments 1 and 2 suggest that the orientation information of viewed objects primes the action selection processes even when the object is irrelevant, but only when attention is not allocated to a competing stimulus during the prime presentation. Experiment 3 suggested that the elimination of the effect in Experiment 2 could not be attributed to the elimination of an attentional shift to the graspable part of the prime. Finally, Experiment 4 showed that object orientation can evoke an abstract response code, influencing the selection of finger responses.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance; Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1993
1.[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 20 (1) of Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (see record 2008-10476-001). Figure 4 is in error; it appears correctly in the erratum.] Five experiments on the effects of changes of depth orientation on (1) priming the naming of briefly flashed familiar objects,(2) matching individual sample volumes (geons), and (3) classifying unfamiliar objects (that could readily be decomposed into an arrangement of distinctive geons) all ...
The interaction of shape-and location-based priming in object categorisation: Evidence for a hybrid
2000
The relationship between part shape and location is not well elucidated in current theories of object recognition. Here we inves-tigated the role of shape and location of object parts on recognition, using a classification priming paradigm with novel 3D objects. In Experiment 1, the relative displacement of two parts comprising the prime gradually reduced the priming e5ect. In Experiment 2,