Computing With DNA (original) (raw)
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DNA Computing: A Complete Overview
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
DNA computing is a nascent technology that seeks to capitalize on the enormous informational capacity of DNA, biological molecules that can store huge amounts of information and are able to perform operations similar to computers through the deployment of enzymes, biological catalysts that act like software to execute desired operations i.e. Computers made of genes' building blocks. Because of their speed, miniaturization and Data Storage potential DNA computers are being considered as a replacement for silicon-based computers. Current DNA computer research has already proven that DNA computers are capable of solving complex mathematical equations and storing enormous amounts of data.
In recent times, computer chip manufacturers are frantically racing to make the next microprocessor that will overthrow speed records. So Microprocessors made of silicon will eventually reach their limits of speed and miniaturization and their manufacturers will need a new material to produce faster computing speeds. But fortunately scientists have found the new material they need to build the next generation of microprocessors. Millions of natural supercomputers exist inside living organisms, including our body. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules, the material our genes are made of, have the potential to perform calculations many times faster than the most powerful human-built computers. DNA might in the nearest future be integrated into a computer chip to create a so-called BIOCHIP that makes computers even faster. DNA molecules have already been harnessed to perform complex mathematical problems by researchers.While still in its early life,DNAcomputers will be capable of storing billions of times more data than today personal computer. In this article, a survey of recent research on DNA computing is discussed and the possibility that it might take the place of silicon-based computers in the next decade.
DNA Computing: Challenges and Application
International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 2017
Much of our scientific, technological, and economic future depends on the availability of an ever-increasing supply of computational power. However, the increasing demand for such power has pushed electronic technology to the limit of physical feasibility and has raised the concern that this technology may not be able to sustain our growth in the near future. It became important to consider an alternative means of achieving computational power. In this regard, DNA computing was introduced based on the usage of DNA and molecular biology hardware instead of the typical silicon based technology. The molecular computers could take advantage of DNA's physical properties to store information and perform calculations. These include extremely dense information storage, enormous parallelism and extraordinary energy efficiency. One of the main advantages that DNA computations would add to computation is its self - parallel processing while most of the electronic computers now use linear p...
DNA Based Computers : Molecular Programming and Perspectives
2016
Cells of living organisms are ‘natural nanocomputers’ which read and rewrite DNA all the time and perform all the processing for the organisms’ activities. Computer scientists along with molecular biologist and biochemists are exploring the potential for computation of biological molecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which are information carrying molecules in cell. DNA molecules have the potential to perform calculations many times faster than the most powerful supercomputers. DNA based computation exploits the properties of the DNA as a quaternary logic with the advantages of better storage, better accuracy and shorter time as compared to binary logic used in conventional silicon-based machines. Adleman first time announced the arrival of computers based on biochemical operations and showed that a large class of difficult and computationally hard problems could be solved by mixing solutions in test tubes in a molecular biology laboratory. DNA ba...
DNA computing is essential computation using biological molecules rather than traditional silicon chips. In recent years, DNA computing has been a research tool for solving complex problems. Despite this, it is still not easy to understand. The aim of this paper is present DNA computing in simple terms that a beginner can understand. Introduction Development in traditional electronic computers is restricted by hardware problems. DNA computing will solve that problem and serve as an alternative technology. DNA computing is also known as molecular computing. It is computing using the processing power of molecular information instead the conventional digital components. It is one of the non-silicon based computing approaches. DNA has been shown to have massive processing capabilities that might allow a DNA-based computer to solve complex problems in a reasonable amount of time. DNA computing was proposed by Leonard Adleman, who demonstrated in 1994 that DNA could be applied in computations [1]. He used DNA to solve a small instance of the traveling salesman problem, in which the objective is to find the most efficient route through seven cities connected by 14 one-way flights. Adleman solved this problem by creating strands of DNA to represent each flight and then combined them to generate every possible route [2, 3]. The graph in Adleman's experiment is shown in Figure1. Adleman's work have set imaginations blazing throughout the world and across disciplines. It introduced a new revolutionary era in the field of computing. DNA computing is now an interdisciplinary research field where chemistry, molecular biology, computer science, mathematics, and technology come together.
DNA Computer; Present and Future
DNA computers use strands of DNA to perform computing operations. The computer consists of two types of strandsthe instruction strands and the input data strands. The instruction strands splice together the input data strands to generate the desired output data strand. DNA computing holds out the promise of important and significant connections between computers and living systems, as well as promising massively parallel computations. Before these promises are fulfilled, however, important challenges related to errors and practicality has to be addressed. On the other hand, new directions toward a synthesis of molecular evolution and DNA computing might circumvent the problems that have hindered development, so far. This paper represent present and future DNA computer.
Recent Advancements in DNA Computing
Generally, the computer systems are made up of silicon-based computer technologies. In DNA computing, it is based on the computing techniques of DNA, biochemistry and molecular biology, instead of traditional silicon-based computer technology. Initially,Adleman computed an experiment which instances the Hamiltonian path problem with DNA test tubes in 1994. Then he computed further research on computation with molecular means in theoretical computer science. DNA computing has vast parallelism and high-density storage to solve many problems. Also, DNA has explored as an excellent material and a fundamental building block for developing large scale nanostructures, constructing individual nanomechanical devices, and performing computations. The input and output information will be in the molecular form which is demonstrated by molecular-scale autonomous programmable computers. This paper deals with the review of future advancements in DNA computing and challenges for researchers in future.
DNA Computing The future and trends
The primary advantage offered by most proposed models of DNA based computation is the ability to handle millions of operations in parallel. The massively parallel processing capabilities of DNA computers may give them the potential to find tractable solutions to otherwise intractable problems, as well as potentially speeding up large, but otherwise solvable, polynomial time problems requiring relatively few operations. The use of DNA to perform massive searching and related algorithms will be referred to as "classic" DNA computation for the purposes of this discussion.
DNA Computation: Applications and Perspectives
Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics, 2010
The computational capability of living systems has intrigued researchers for years. Primarily, the focus has been on implementing aspects of living systems in computational devices. Computer literal peoples expand their hand to the molecular biologist and chemist to explore the potential for computation of biological molecules line Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) which are information carrying molecules. In this context, DNA computation is basically a collection of specially selected DNA strands whose combinations will result in the solution to some problems. DNA computation rather DNA-based computing is at the intersection of several threads of research. Main advantages of DNA computation are miniaturization and parallelism over conventional silicon-based machines. The informationbearing capability of DNA molecules is a cornerstone of modern theories of genetics and molecular biology. In this paper we have tried to focus on some key issues regarding the used and implementation DNA-based devices in life science fi eld. We have also tried to suggest its advantage over silicon computers.