Pastinaca erzincanensis (Apiaceae), A New Species from Eastern Turkey and Its Phylogenetic Position within Tordylieae (original) (raw)
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TAXON, 2012
A phylogenetic study of Oxypolis and Ptilimnium, two small genera of tribe Oenantheae (Apiaceae: subfamily Apioideae), was carried out. Generic circumscriptions and infrageneric and infraspecific relationships were investigated through parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses of nuclear rDNA ITS and cpDNA trnQ5′rps16 and 3′rps165′trnK intergenic spacer sequences. Fruit anatomical characters were also examined and used in conjunction with leaf morphology to corroborate the results of the phylogenetic analyses. Each genus as currently delimited has both compound-leaved and rachis-leaved species. Results of the phylogenetic analyses show that neither Oxypolis nor Ptilimnium is monophyletic; each genus is split into two strongly supported clades that correspond to differences in leaf morphology within the groups. Fruit anatomical characters support these splits. The fruits of compound-leaved and rachis-leaved Oxypolis species differ in the number of commissural vittae per mericarp, the branching of the vittae, and the lignification of mericarp around the seed. The fruits of compoundleaved and rachis-leaved Ptilimnium species differ in the compression of the mericarps and the development of the marginal ribs. The fruits of rachis-leaved Oxypolis and rachis-leaved Ptilimnium species also differ in the compression of the mericarps and the development of the marginal ribs. Based on analyses of molecular data and corroboration with morphological and fruit anatomical data, new circumscriptions for the genera Oxypolis and Ptilimnium are formalized. Each of the two polyphyletic genera (Oxypolis and Ptilimnium) is split, two genera (Tiedemannia and Harperella) are resurrected, and three new combinations are made.
A new species ofPastinacaL. (Apiaceae) from Turkey
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008
A new species, Pastinaca yildizii T.Dirmenci (Apiaceae), is described from Kazdag ı (Ida) in Balıkesir province, Turkey. It is distinguished from P. armena by the number of rays, petal colour and mericarp surface features. A description, detailed illustrations and taxonomic comments on the new species are given. An identification key is provided and the distribution of this new and other related species is discussed.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
The aim of this study was to identify major clades in the economically important and taxonomically difficult genus Ferula (Apiaceae tribe Scandiceae subtribe Ferulinae) to provide a classification framework. Phylogenetic relationships among 126 of Ferula spp. and eight species of its sister genus Leutea were evaluated based on nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA ITS and three plastid regions: the rps16 intron, the rpoC1 intron and the rpoB-trnC intergenic spacer. One hundred and fifty-three accessions were considered including type specimens of seven species. Congruence between nrDNA and plastid DNA data was assessed using a hierarchical likelihood ratio test. Phylogenetic trees were inferred using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Terminals introducing topological conflict were ascertained using two approaches: identifying (1) these with significantly different positions between nrDNA and plastid DNA trees; and (2) a set of rogue taxa in combined trees that, when removed, increased tree resolution and bootstrap support. The results demonstrate significant incongruence between nrDNA and plastid DNA data that persisted after the removal of 41 terminals identified as having significantly different position in nrDNA and plastid DNA trees or after the removal of 13 terminals identified as rogue taxa. Comparison of nrDNA and plastid DNA trees suggest intensive reticulate evolution, particularly in the Irano-Turanian floristic region. Traditional classification systems of the genus are not supported by molecular data, whereas some lineages apparent in molecular trees, particularly Chinese and Mediterranean endemics, are congruent with morphological characters and/or biogeography. We select lectotypes for several infrageneric names and propose a new classification system of the genus with four subgenera and ten sections.
Fruit anatomy of the genus Pimpinella L. (Apiaceae) in Iran
Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 2010
The genus Pimpinella L., with about 170-180 species in the world, is one of the largest genera of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). Based on the Flora Iranica treatment, this genus has 25 species in the Iranian plateau, including 19 species in Iran, and six of those (P. tragioides, P. deverroides, P. pastinacifolia, P. anisactis, P. khorasanica and P. khayyamii) are endemic. In this research, Iranian species of Pimpinella were anatomically studied for the first time. For this genus, some of the most taxonomically important fruit characteristics are: mericarp shape in transverse section, homomorphism of mericarps, number of lateral and marginal ribs, ratio of mericarp width (parallel to commissural side) to its length, ratio of mericarp width to its thickness, presence or absence of hypodermal collenchyma, mesocarp and endocarp lignification, number of vascular bundles, number of vallecular and commissural vittae, relative size of vittae and vascular bundles, ratio of thickness to width of vascular bundles, ratio of thickness to width of endosperm and ratio of endosperm furrow depth to endosperm thickness. Based on our results we are able to identify and classify the species of this genus. In addition, we selected the most important characters and provided an identification key to represent the similarities and relationships between the species. Anatomical studies also confirm morphological differences between P. anthriscoides and other species of Pimpinella. Therefore, this species is affiliated into a distinct, new genus Pseudopimpinella.
Fruit anatomy of the genus Bupleurum L. (Apiaceae) in Iran
The genus Bupleurum L, with about 185–195 species, is the second largest genus of the family Apiaceae Lindl. It has 35 species in the Iranian plateau, of which 15 are thrived in Iran and three of them, B. wolffianum, B. flexile and B. ghahremanii, are endemic species of to Iran. In this study, the fruit anatomy of all Bupleurum species in Iran, except B. wolffianum due to lack of available specimens, were studied for the first time. Some of the most taxonomically important fruit characteristics are as follows: mericarp shape in transverse section, characteristic of ribs, ratio of mericarp width to thickness, existence of oil ducts, quantity of vallecular and commissural vittae, ratio of height to width of dorsal rib, and shape of endocarp in transverse section. Important characters for each species are described and an identification key is provided to portray the similarities and relationships between the species. Anatomical studies also confirmed the anatomical and morphological differences between Sect. Perfoliata and other members of the genus. Absence of vittae in Sect. perfoliata may be correlated with broad leaves and dilated, rounded and perfoliate leaf bases. Furthermore, two distinct subgroups were shown due to different number of vallecular vittae in each furrow, which may be applied as a basic classification factor for further investigations on the genus Bupleurum.
Leaf anatomy and its implications for phylogenetic relationships in Taxaceae s. l
Journal of Plant Research, 2014
The comparative study on leaf anatomy and stomata structures of six genera of Taxaceae s. l. was conducted. Leaf anatomical structures were very comparable to each other in tissue shape and their arrangements. Taxus, Austrotaxus, and Pseudotaxus have no foliar resin canal, whereas Amentotaxus, Cephalotaxus, and Torreya have a single resin canal located below the vascular bundle. Among them, Torreya was unique with thick-walled, almost round sclerenchymatous epidermal cells. In addition, Amentotaxus and Torreya were comprised of some fiber cells around the vascular bundle. Also, Amentotaxus resembled Cephalotaxus harringtonia and its var. nana because they have discontinuous fibrous hypodermis. However, C. fortunei lacked the same kind of cells. Stomata were arranged in two stomatal bands separated by a mid-vein. The most unique stomatal structure was of Taxus with papillose accessory cells forming stomatal apparatus and of Torreya with deeply seated stomata covered with a special filament structure. Some morphological and molecular studies have already been discussed for the alternative classification of taxad genera into different minor families. The present study is also similar to these hypotheses because each genus has their own individuality in anatomical structure and stomata morphology. In conclusion, these differences in leaf and stomata morphology neither strongly support the two tribes in Taxaceae nor fairly recognize the monogeneric family, Cephalotaxaceae. Rather, it might support an alternative classification of taxad genera in different minor families or a single family Taxaceae including Cephalotaxus. In this study, we would prefer the latter one because there is no clear reason to separate Cephalotaxus from the rest genera of Taxaceae. Therefore, Taxaceae should be redefined with broad circumscriptions including Cephalotaxus.
Fruit anatomy of some Apiaceae plant species Aladağlar/ Turkey
Journal of Faculty Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 2014
Anatomical characters are very important to distinguish between closely related species and genera, especially in the family Apiaceae. Anatomy of Apiaceae fruits varies strongly, even among closely related species in the same genus. An ethnobotanical study was conducted between 2004 and 2005 in order to determine wild used plants in West part of Nigde-Aladaglar. According the data of this study’s, 3 plant species belong to Apiaceae family sold to different tea companies by local people. Anatomical characteristics of fruits of the Ferulago pachyloba, Prangos ferulacea, Prangos meliocarpoides have been studied. Ferulago pachyloba has winged dorsal ribs, equal to or shorter than seeds. Prangos ferulacea has five blocks of mesocarp, they are not separated by the exocarp and the vascular bundles usually surround each block. Prangos meliocarpoides has continuous mesocarp and not separated into blocks. Druse crystals do not exist in the endosperm of F. pachyloba, P. ferulacea, and P. melio...
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1999
Evolutionary relationships among 116 representatives (80 genera) of Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) subfam. Apioideae were investigated by comparative sequencing of the two internal transcribed spacers of the 18S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat. The resultant phylogenies, inferred using maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining methods, clarified the relationships of several genera whose phylogenetic placements have heretofore been problematic. Comparisons between the phylogenies inferred and the distribution of Several phytochemical (coumarins, flavonoids, and phenylpropenes) and morphological (stomates, pollen, and cotyledonary shape) characters were also made, revealing that many of these characters (like those morphological and anatomical characters of the fruit) are highly homoplastic. It is not surprising then that systems of classification of Apioideae based on Taxon Source and/or voucher, and GenBank accession number Aciphylla subflabellata W. R. B. OLW. Angelica cincta BoIss.
Recognition of Torricellia DC, Melanophylla Baker, and Aralidium Miq. as members of the same angiosperm family, Torricelliaceae, has come relatively recently, bolstered by analyses of molecular sequence data. Fruits of all three genera, endemic to eastern Asia, Madagascar, and Malesia, respectively, were compared morphologically and anatomically as a basis for evaluating systematic relationships among extant and fossil representatives. Application of X-ray tomography to fossil and extant fruits has augmented traditional approaches of physical sectioning and LM to facilitate more thorough systematic comparisons. The fruits vary from subglobose (Tor-ricellia) to boat shaped (Melanophylla) to elongate-ellipsoidal (Aralidium) but are consistent in being tricarpel-late and trilocular but with only one fertile locule. In Torricellia and Melanophylla the sterile lateral locules become larger than the central seed-bearing locule, but in Aralidium the pair of sterile locules becomes enveloped within the greatly enlarged fertile locule. In all three genera, the sterile lateral carpels each contain a prominent circular to elliptical aperture in the endocarp wall. A germination valve is located near the apex of the fertile locule in Torricellia and runs the length of the fertile locule in Melanophylla and Aralidium fruits. This work shows that the fruits of these three genera are distinctive in their morphology and anatomy, allowing for identification of fossils to the generic level, and supports the previous recognition of Torricellia from the middle Eocene of North America and from the middle Eocene to middle Miocene of Europe.