Integration of ultrafiltration into unhairing and degreasing operations (original) (raw)

Membranes in water and wastewater disinfection– review

2019

Production of sanitary safe water of high quality with membrane technology is an alternative for conventional disinfection methods, as UF and MF membranes are found to be an effective barrier for pathogenic protozoa cysts, bacteria, and partially, viruses. The application of membranes in water treatment enables the reduction of chlorine consumption during fi nal disinfection, what is especially recommended for long water distribution systems, in which microbiological quality of water needs to be effectively maintained. Membrane fi ltration, especially ultrafi ltration and microfi ltration, can be applied to enhance and improve disinfection of water and biologically treated wastewater, as ultrafi ltration act as a barrier for viruses, bacteria and protozoa, but microfi ltration does not remove viruses. As an example of direct application of UF/MF to wastewater treatment, including disinfection, membrane bioreactors can be mentioned. Additionally, membrane techniques are used in remov...

Membrane Bioreactors Used for Treatment of Food Industry Effluents

Effluents from food industry determine pollution problems due to high of COD and BOD concentrations. Compared to other industrial divisions, food industry requires large amounts of water, which is used for most of the plant operations, such as production, cleaning, sterilization, cooling, and materials transport etc. Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) has been proven as an efficient single step process to treat this type of wastewater and produces a very good effluent quality suitable for reuse. In this study, MBR was based on submerged hollow fibers membranes functioning by low vacuum. Two test runs of bioreactor system were carried out with different hydraulic retention times of 8 hours and 24 hours. One hundred and seventy-six tests were carried out on sixteen water samples collected from the influent and the effluent of the bioreactor during the two runs. NaOCl compound was added to the bioreactor with backwashing process for these tests at period 2-8 hours for each run, and same compound was added with mixed liquor for the second test at period 24 hour of aeration. The samples were tested for twelve water quality tests: temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids, Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrate Nitrogen, Ammonia Nitrogen, Total Phosphate, and Ortho Phosphate. The results indicated that the bioreactor system can be used efficiently to treat industrial wastewater from the food industry. The efficiency of the technology was evaluated with sodium hypochlorite addition to remove the adherent bacteria on the surface area of hollow fibers. The results showed that the bioreactor under the conditions of the second run was excellent in removing turbidity, TSS, COD, and BOD5 with a removal efficiency higher than 90% when added 82 ml of NaOCl in the bioreactor tank, and was very good in removing of NH4-N, TP, OP with removal efficiency of about 80%, 36%, and 27%, respectively. Lower removal efficiency was obtained under the conditions of the first run.