Advanced, lithium batteries based on high-performance composite polymer electrolytes (original) (raw)
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Advanced, high-performance composite polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries
Progress in lithium battery technology may be achieved by passing from a conventional liquid electrolyte structure to a solid-state, polymer configuration. In this prospect, great R&D effort has been devoted to the development of suitable lithium conducting polymer electrolytes. The most promising results have been obtained with systems based on blends between poly(ethylene oxide) and lithium salts. In this work we show that the transport and interfacial properties of these electrolytes may be greatly enhanced by the dispersion of a ceramic filler having an unique surface state condition. The results, in addition to their practical reflection in the lithium polymer electrolyte battery technology, also provide a valid support to the model which ascribes the enhancement of the transport properties of ceramic-added composites to the specific Lewis acid-base interactions between the ceramic surface states and both the lithium salt anion and the PEO-chains.
Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes and their impact on the lithium battery technology
Solid State Ionics, 2000
Lithium polymer electrolytes formed by dissolving a lithium salt LiX in poly(ethylene oxide) PEO may find useful application as separators in lithium rechargeable polymer batteries. The main problems which are still to be solved for a complete successful operation of these materials are the reactivity of their interface with the lithium metal electrode and the decay of their conductivity at temperatures below 708C. In this paper we demonstrate that a successful approach for overcoming these problems is the dispersion of selected, low-particle size ceramic powders in the polymer mass with the aim of developing new types of nanocomposite PEO-LiX polymer electrolytes characterized by enhanced interfacial stability as well as by improved ambient temperature transport properties.
Composite gel-type polymer electrolytes for advanced, rechargeable lithium batteries
Journal of Power Sources, 2007
The main goal of this work was to determine whether the dispersion of ceramic fillers have any promotion effect on the properties of solidlike, gel-type lithium conducting polymer electrolytes. Using a series of different but complementary techniques, which included SEM analysis, voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the dispersion of surface functionalized fumed silica and alumina, respectively, to PVdF-carbonate solvent-lithium salt systems, while not greatly influencing the transport properties, does stabilize the lithium metal interface and the mechanical properties of the resulting composite GPE electrolytes. The relevance of these features in view of practical application is here demonstrated by the response of lithium batteries based on selected GPEs.
Development and Optimization of Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Batteries
2016
This thesis focuses on the development of new poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) in order to enhance their ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and fabricate the prototypes of novel Li ion batteries using these SPEs. Different types of SPEs have been developed: (i) blends of high molecular weight PEO and low molecular weight poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc); (ii) composites of high molecular weight PEO and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles; and (iii) blend-based composite electrolytes consisting of PEO and PVAc with dispersed TiO2. The SPEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The electrochemical performance of the battery prototypes were determined by galvanic cycles at various current densities. The results revealed that the crystallization of PEO was easily suppressed by blending it with PVAc. The resistance of these blends were found to decrease with an increase in the PVAc content. TiO2 nanoparticles were found to be a compatible filler with the PEO matrix, as was proven by the lowered crystallinity, glass transition and melting temperatures of the matrix, as well as a significantly enhanced conductivity at ambient temperature. A new type of SPE has been prepared by adding both PVAc and TiO2 to PEO-based electrolyte. The amorphous nature of the new electrolyte was confirmed by DSC. Several prototypes of a Liion battery, based on this blend-based composite electrolyte and utilizing LiFePO4 as cathode and Al as anode, were assembled and cycled at different current densities at room temperature, resulting in excellent performance. The best prototype so far showed more than 500 chargedischarge cycles with the coulombic efficiency approaching 100% and the resistance decreasing to 500 Ω.cm 2 .
Progress in lithium polymer battery R&D
Journal of Power Sources, 2001
In this paper the characteristics and performance of composite polymer electrolytes formed by dispersing selected ceramic (e.g. γ-LiAlO2, Al2O3, SiO2) powders in poly(ethylene oxide)–lithium salt (e.g. PEO–LiCF3SO3) matrices, are reported and discussed. Particular emphasis is devoted to the role of these composite electrolytes in providing the conditions for stabilizing the interface with the lithium metal electrode, as well as for enhancing the electrolyte’s overall transport properties. Finally, results based on tests of practical prototypes demonstrate that these unique properties allow the development of new types of high performance, rechargeable lithium polymer batteries.
Transport and interfacial properties of composite polymer electrolytes
Electrochimica acta, 2000
Lithium polymer electrolytes formed by dissolving a lithium salt LiX in poly(ethylene oxide) PEO, may find useful application as separators in lithium rechargeable polymer batteries. The main problems, which are still to be solved for a complete successful operation of these materials, are the reactivity of their interface with the lithium metal electrode and the decay of their conductivity at temperatures below 70°C. In this paper we demonstrate that a successful approach for overcoming these problems, is the dispersion of selected ceramic powders in the polymer mass, with the aim of developing new types of composite PEO -LiX polymer electrolytes characterized by enhanced interfacial stability, as well as by improved ambient temperature transport properties.
Limiting Factors Affecting the Ionic Conductivities of LATP/Polymer Hybrid Electrolytes
Batteries
All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries (ASSLB) are promising candidates for next generation lithium battery systems due to their increased safety, stability, and energy density. Ceramic and solid composite electrolytes (SCE), which consist of dispersed ceramic particles within a polymeric host, are among the preferred technologies for use as electrolytes in ASSLB systems. Synergetic effects between ceramic and polymer electrolyte components are usually reported in SCE. Herein, we report a case study on the lithium conductivity of ceramic and SCE comprised of Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LATP), a NASICON-type ceramic. An evaluation of the impact of the processing and sintering of the ceramic on the conductive properties of the electrolyte is addressed. The study is then extended to Poly(Ethylene) Oxide (PEO)-LATP SCE. The presence of the ceramic particles conferred limited benefits to the SCE. These findings somewhat contradict commonly held assumptions on the role of ceramic additives in SCE.
Frontiers in Chemistry, 2019
Solid composite polymer electrolytes are the optimal candidate for all solid-state lithium batteries, because of their enhanced ionic conductivities, long-life cycle ability and compatibility to lithium anode. Herein, we reported a kind of solid composite polymer electrolyte comprised of poly(ethylene oxide), graphitic-like carbon nitride and lithium perchlorate, which was prepared by a facile solution blending method. Microstructure of the solid composite polymer electrolyte was regulated by thermal annealing and interaction among components and was characterized by XRD, DSC, FTIR-ATR, and ROM. The obtained solid composite polymer electrolyte achieved an ionic conductivity as high as 1.76 ×10 −5 S cm −1 at 25 • C. And the electrochemical stable window and the lithium ion transference number, t + , were also obviously enhanced. LiFePO 4 /Li solid-state batteries with the annealed PEO-LiClO 4-g-C 3 N 4 solid polymer electrolyte presented a high initial discharge capacity of 161.2 mAh g −1 and superior cycle stability with a capacity retention ratio of 81% after 200 cycles at 1C at 80 • C. The above results indicates that the thermal annealing treatment and g-C 3 N 4 as a novel structure modifier is crucial for obtaining the high-performance solid composite polymer electrolytes used in the all solid-state lithium battery.
Nanomaterials
Among the various types of polymer electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes have been considered as promising electrolytes for high-performance lithium and non-lithium batteries. The introduction of inorganic fillers into the polymer-salt system of gel polymer electrolytes has emerged as an effective strategy to achieve high ionic conductivity and excellent interfacial contact with the electrode. In this review, the detailed roles of inorganic fillers in composite gel polymer electrolytes are presented based on their physical and electrochemical properties in lithium and non-lithium polymer batteries. First, we summarize the historical developments of gel polymer electrolytes. Then, a list of detailed fillers applied in gel polymer electrolytes is presented. Possible mechanisms of conductivity enhancement by the addition of inorganic fillers are discussed for each inorganic filler. Subsequently, inorganic filler/polymer composite electrolytes studied for use in various battery systems...