Археологія і давня історія України, № 2 (15), 2015. - С. 75-93. (original) (raw)

The material of Uch-Bash settlement contains a complete set of products made from stone and evi- dences of its widespread use of population of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age. Products are parted into functional categories: maces, axes, hammers, chop- pers, sling stones, tools for grinding, abrasives, small weights and plumbs, waste drilling, molds, models or templates of tools, grain graters. Analysis of Uch-Bash material found key categories of stone wares and changes connected with them that have concluded an almost complete change of direc- tion and methods of domestic economy. The absence of massive stone axes in the horizon of the beginning of Taurian period certainly is a major indirect evidence of the transition to the use of metal items, even if their fndings are absent, since any economic activity without this tool is virtually impossible. The second leading group of things is associated with forging and casting tools and their maintenance. The complexes of Uch-Bash also exhibit almost complete change types of tools related to metallurgy, probably caused by the emergence in the late horizon of another, unrelated to the previous technology of production of metal wares. The third main group which was typologically stable for four Pre-Taurian horizons and disappeared in early Taurian period are tools linked with agriculture and processing of grain. Maces, found in Uch-Bash, contextually are most likely introduced from the outside and fall into the lay- ers at the end of the IV-UB horizon. K e y w o r d s: stone wares, Uch-Bash, Kyzyl-Koba culture, Crimea.