Effect of Biochar and Sewage Sludge Ash as Partial Replacement for Cement in Cementitious Composites: Mechanical, and Durability Properties (original) (raw)
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Biochar-Added Cementitious Materials—A Review on Mechanical, Thermal, and Environmental Properties
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The demand for cementitious composites as the most abundantly used construction material is increasing due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, resulting in the exploitation of natural resources. Parallel to this, the ever-increasing world population is raising the demand for agricultural products leading to various challenges in disposing of consequential agricultural waste. One of the popular methods of managing agricultural waste is incineration, resulting in the production of biomass ash, which is eventually landfilled leading to environmental pollution. The scarcity of natural resources and increasing degradation of the environment are instigating scientific investigations to explore the potential of reducing the dependence on energy-and carbon-intensive materials (such as cement) by replacing them with waste materials. Therefore, this study evaluates the influence of biomass ashes (such as rice husk ash (RHA), bamboo leaf ash (BLA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), wood waste ash (WWA), and palm oil fuel ash (POFA)) derived from five abundantly available agricultural waste on the performance of cementitious composites. Based on the previously published literature, the biomass ashes were characterized by analyzing their mineralogical, physiochemical, mechanical, and durability properties. According to the analysis, it can be concluded that 5-10% cement can be replaced with RHA, BLA, WWA, and POFA without any significant effect on cementitious composites' workability, whereas the incorporation percentage for SCBA can be 5-20%. Moreover, the optimal incorporation percentage of RHA, BLA, SCBA, WWA, and POFA in cementitious composites without any negative influence on the mechanical properties is 5-15%, 5-10%, 5-30%, 5-10%, and 5-20%, respectively. It is worth noting that these replacement ratios can be further increased by subjecting biomass ashes to different pretreatment methods, such as controlled combustion and grounding. The promising findings of this study may encourage additional experimental investigations on this topic to achieve sustainable development goals in agriculture and construction industries.
Effect of pozzolanic industrial wastes on durability of engineered cementitious composites (ECC)
2017
In this research 26 different compositions of an engineered cementitious composite with different percentages of Fly ash and Silica fume, as two pozzolanic industrial waste and by-product, were mixed. The effect of different percentage of the pozzolans on durability of ECC was studied. To evaluate the durability of the material, two tests, namely water absorption by immersion and water absorption by capillary, were performed. The results from both tests demonstrated the same trend regarding the influence of the wastes on durability. In other words, by increasing the amount of pozzolans, the water absorption after immersion and boiling, decreased more than 50% besides the significant reduction in the rate of absorption by capillary (sorptivity). The results also indicated that silica fume has a higher influence on the water-absorption reduction compared to fly ash however, in the case of absence of silica fume, fly ash plays a significant role on the improvement of durability of the ...