Molecular Orientation and Organization of Technical Lignin-Based Composite Nanofibers and Films (original) (raw)

Structure and Properties of Lignin Based Carbon Nanofibers

2017

Carbon nanofiber (CNF) made of inexpensive and bio-renewable raw materials can provide a pathway to lowering manufacturing cost of CNFs for structural composite applications. In this study, lignin nanofiber (LNF) mats were fabricated by electrospinning of a blend solution of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), lignin, and 1 weight percent (wt.%) of polyethylene oxide (PEO) in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The LNFs were then subjected to heat treatment processes including thermostabilization at 240 ◦ C and subsequent carbonization at 1000 ◦ C. The effects of the PAN/lignin mass ratio and the heating rate of thermostabilization on the fiber morphology, fiber diameter, and mechanical properties of the CNF mats were systematically investigated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that as the lignin content in the precursor decreased, the diameter of the as-spun LNFs increased. However, the diameter, surface, and structure of the CNFs did not change significantly. The diameter of C...

Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Nanocomposites

Nanomaterials, 2021

Lignin nanomaterials have emerged as a promising alternative to fossil-based chemicals and products for some potential added-value applications, which benefits from their structural diversity and biodegradability. This review elucidates a perspective in recent research on nanolignins and their nanocomposites. It summarizes the different nanolignin preparation methods, emphasizing anti-solvent precipitation, self-assembly and interfacial crosslinking. Also described are the preparation of various nanocomposites by the chemical modification of nanolignin and compounds with inorganic materials or polymers. Additionally, advances in numerous potential high-value applications, such as use in food packaging, biomedical, chemical engineering and biorefineries, are described.