Transformation products of pharmaceuticals in surface waters and wastewater formed during photolysis and advanced oxidation processes – Degradation, elucidation of byproducts and assessment of their biological potency (original) (raw)
Related papers
Photolysis and advanced oxidation treatment of pharmaceuticals in tap water and treated sewage
Linnaeus Eco-Tech, 2007
The aim of this study was to investigate the removal efficiency of six phannaceuticals byphoto-degradation and the advanced oxidation process (AOP), UV/H2O2. The sixphannaceuticals were the four NSAIDs ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen and ketoprofen, thepharmacological active metabolite of the lipid lowering agent, clofibrin, clofibric acid, and theanticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, carbamazepine.Treatment experiments were perfom1ed using a UV lamp optimized for photochemicaltreatment in a flow through set-up. For the AOP experiments 60 mg/L H2O2 was added to thewater before treatment. The treatment effectiveness is evaluated based on the ElectricalEnergy per Order (EEO) (unit kWh!m\ which is defined as the electrical energy consumedper unit volume of water treated required for 90% removal of the investigated compound.It was found that four of the six phannaceuticals were completely removed in tap water byboth UV treatment and the AOP. The exceptions were ibuprofen and carbama...
Water, 2019
The presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the wastewater effluents has confirmed that conventional wastewater treatment technologies are not sufficiently effective in the pharmaceuticals' removal. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the photocatalytic degradation of PhACs using TiO 2-P25, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 , CN) and a heterojunction of perovskite strodium titanate and graphitic carbon nitride SrTiO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 (20% g-C 3 N 4 , 20CNSTO) photocatalytic materials, in hospital wastewater effluents, by simulated solar irradiation. The experiments were performed by using real wastewater samples collected from the university hospital wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent of Ioannina city (Northwestern Greece) and inherent pharmaceutical concentration levels. The analysis of the samples was accomplished by solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. In the cases of TiO 2 and CN, more than 70% of the initial concentration (e.g., venlafaxine) was degraded after 90 min, while 20CNSTO presented lower photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, some compounds were sporadically detected (e.g., fluoxetine) or their concentrations remained stable during the photocatalytic treatment time period (e.g., trimethoprim). In total 11 transformation products (TPs) were formed along the degradation processes and were identified by using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry.
Integrative Advanced Oxidation and Biofiltration for Treating Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater
Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation, 2016
Advanced oxidation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in wastewater produces transformation products (TPs) that are often more biodegradable than the parent compounds. Secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant was treated using UV-based advanced oxidation (LPUV/H2O2 and MPUV/NO3) followed by biological aerated filtration (BAF), and different APIs and their transformation products were monitored. The advanced oxidation processes degraded the APIs by 55-87% (LPUV/H2O2) and 58-95% (MPUV/NO3), while minor loss of APIs was achieved in the downstream BAF system. Eleven TPs were detected following oxidation of carbamazepine (5) and iopromide (6); three key TPs were biodegraded in the BAF system. The other TPs remained relatively constant in the BAF. The decrease in UV absorbance (UVA254) of the effluent in the BAF system was linearly correlated to the degradation of the APIs (for the MPUV/NO3-BAF), and can be applied to monitor the biotransformation of APIs in biologica...
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2020
BACKGROUND: Occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater has become a major concern 3 for human health and the environment. Therefore, it is challenging to improve the conventional 4 wastewater treatment to remove these compounds. Coupling a biological treatment with an advanced oxidation technology has been widely studied in the literature, but only sequential associations of the 6 two processes have been used. This study proposes an innovative concept based on a real integration of 7 the photocatalytic oxidation process in a continuous recycling loop on a membrane bioreactor. The role 8 of the oxidation is not here to completely degrade pharmaceuticals, but to oxidize them moderately to 9 increase their biodegradability so that they can be eliminated by the biological process. 10 RESULTS: Preliminary experiments on oxidation process indicated that a flux density of 5 W.m-2 was 11 sufficient to increase biodegradability and decrease toxicity of a cocktail of 3 pharmaceuticals. Then 12 performances of a 20-L continuous membrane bioreactor treating wastewater with 7 pharmaceuticals, 13 without and with pre-oxidation at 5 W.m-2 were compared. Pre-oxidation has increased the global 14 removal for some recalcitrant pharmaceuticals (from 3 to 47 % for diclofenac and for 1 to 44 % for 15 furosemide) without affecting neither the removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous by activated 16 sludge neither the removal of already highly removed pharmaceuticals. 17 CONCLUSION: This work proves the feasibility and interest of the innovative concept of a continuous 18 hybrid process coupling a photocatalytic oxidation process and a membrane bioreactor for the treatment 19 of pharmaceuticals in wastewater, with a low cost and size.