Limited similarity between plasmids encoding CTX-M-1 β-lactamase in Escherichia coli from humans, pigs, cattle, organic poultry layers and horses in Denmark (original) (raw)
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Extended-Spectrum -Lactamase CTX-M-1 in Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Poultry in France
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2007
Genes encoding extended-spectrum -lactamase CTX-M-1 were detected in 12 Escherichia coli isolates recovered over a 7-month period from the ceca of healthy poultry in seven districts in France in 2005. Eleven of those strains were not clonally related and had a bla CTX-M-1 gene located on transferable plasmids of different sizes and structures.
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2004
Laboratory began to receive isolates of Escherichia coli for confirmation of extended-spectrum b-lactamase production with a phenotype implying a CTX-M-type b-lactamase, i.e. MICs of cefotaxime > _ 8-fold higher than MICs of ceftazidime. Many were referred as being from community patients. We examined 291 CTX-M-producing isolates from the UK and investigated the genetic basis of their phenotype. Methods: PCR was used to detect alleles encoding CTX-M enzymes and to assign these to their bla CTX-M phylogenetic groups. Selected alleles were sequenced. Producers were compared by analysis of banding patterns generated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of Xba I-digested genomic DNA. MICs were determined by an agar dilution method or by Etest. Results: Of 291 CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates studied from 42 UK centres, 70 (24%) were reportedly from community patients, many of whom had only limited recent hospital contact. Community isolates were referred by 12 centres. Two hundred and seventy-nine (95.9%) producers contained genes encoding group 1 CTX-M enzymes and 12 contained bla CTX-M-9-like alleles. An epidemic CTX-M-15-producing strain was identified, with 110 community and inpatient isolates referred from six centres. Representatives of four other major strains also produced CTX-M-15, as did several sporadic isolates examined. Most producers were multi-resistant to fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, tetracycline and aminoglycosides as well as to non-carbapenem b-lactams. Conclusions: CTX-M-producing E. coli are a rapidly developing problem in the UK, with CTX-M-15 particularly common. The diversity of producers and geographical scatter of referring laboratories indicates wide dissemination of bla CTX-M genes. Because of the public health implications, including for the treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections, the spread of these strains-and CTX-M-15 b-lactamase in particular-merits close monitoring.
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2004
ence Laboratory began to receive isolates of Escherichia coli for confirmation of extended-spectrum b-lactamase production with a phenotype implying a CTX-M-type b-lactamase, i.e. MICs of cefotaxime > _ 8-fold higher than MICs of ceftazidime. Many were referred as being from community patients. We examined 291 CTX-M-producing isolates from the UK and investigated the genetic basis of their phenotype.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase CTX-M-1 in Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Poultry in France
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2007
Genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-1 were detected in 12 Escherichia coli isolates recovered over a 7-month period from the ceca of healthy poultry in seven districts in France in 2005. Eleven of those strains were not clonally related and had a bla CTX-M-1 gene located on transferable plasmids of different sizes and structures.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2007
Of the 181 unduplicated Escherichia coli strains isolated in nine different hospitals in three Portuguese regions, 119 were extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL)-CTX-M producers and were selected for phenotype and genotype characterization. CTX-M producer strains were prevalent among community-acquired infections (56%), urinary tract infections (76%), and patients >60 years old (76%). In MIC tests, all strains were resistant to cefotaxime, 92% were resistant to ceftazidime, 93% were resistant to quinolones, 89% were resistant to aminoglycoside, and 26% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; all strains were sensitive to carbapenems, and 92% of the strains had a multidrug resistance phenotype. Molecular methods identified 109 isolates harboring a bla CTX-M-15 gene, 1 harboring the bla CTX-M-32 gene (first identification in the country), and 9 harboring the bla CTX-M-14 gene. All isolates presented the ISEcp1 element upstream from the bla CTX-M genes; one presented the IS903 element (downstream of bla CTX-M-14 gene), and none had the IS26 element; 85% carried bla TEM-1B , and 84% also carried a bla OXA-30 . Genetic relatedness analysis based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis defined five clusters and indicated that 76% of all isolates (from cluster IV) corresponded to a single epidemic strain. Of the 47 strains from one hospital, 41 belonged to cluster IV and were disseminated in three main wards. CTX-M-producing E. coli strains are currently a problem in Portugal, with CTX-M-15 particularly common. This study suggests that the horizontal transfer of bla CTX-M genes, mediated by plasmids and/or mobile elements, contributes to the dissemination of CTX-M enzymes to community and hospital environments. The use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides is compromised, leaving carbapenems as the therapeutic option for severe infections caused by ESBL producers.
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2009
Sir, b-Lactam antibiotics are extensively used in human and veterinary medicine. The detection rate of extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from humans has increased rapidly worldwide. 1 In addition, ESBLs have been increasingly described in bacterial populations circulating in animals. 2,3 Recently, a high diversity of ESBLs in Escherichia coli was reported in Belgian poultry farms. In that instance, CTX-M enzymes were the predominant ESBL family. 4 CTX-M-2-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow strains and TEM-52-producing S. enterica serovar Infantis strains have also been isolated from Belgian poultry. 2,3 This raises a potential public health concern. Moreover, the presence of ESBLs in the microbiota of food-producing animals may pose a human health hazard since these bacteria may represent a reservoir of resistance genes for pathogens causing disease in humans and animals. 4 Therefore, to demonstrate whether a common ESBL gene pool exists among isolates in different hosts, we characterized the plasmids and determined the location and transfer possibilities of the ESBLs bla TEM-52 , bla CTX-M-2 and bla CTX-M-15 that were present in different members of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from humans, broilers and pigs.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2007
Of the 181 unduplicated Escherichia coli strains isolated in nine different hospitals in three Portuguese regions, 119 were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-CTX-M producers and were selected for phenotype and genotype characterization. CTX-M producer strains were prevalent among community-acquired infections (56%), urinary tract infections (76%), and patients ≥60 years old (76%). In MIC tests, all strains were resistant to cefotaxime, 92% were resistant to ceftazidime, 93% were resistant to quinolones, 89% were resistant to aminoglycoside, and 26% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; all strains were sensitive to carbapenems, and 92% of the strains had a multidrug resistance phenotype. Molecular methods identified 109 isolates harboring a bla CTX-M-15 gene, 1 harboring the bla CTX-M-32 gene (first identification in the country), and 9 harboring the bla CTX-M-14 gene. All isolates presented the IS Ecp1 element upstream from the bla CTX-M genes; one presented the IS 90...
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2010
Since 2000, Escherichia coli producing CTX-M enzymes have emerged worldwide as important causes of community-onset urinary tract and bloodstream infections owing to extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. Molecular epidemiological studies suggested that the sudden worldwide increase of CTX-M-15-producing E. coli was mainly due to a single clone (ST131) and that foreign travel to high-risk areas, such as the Indian subcontinent, might in part play a role in the spread of this clone across different continents. Empirical antibiotic coverage for these resistant organisms should be considered in community patients presenting with sepsis involving the urinary tract, especially if the patient recently travelled to a high-risk area. If this emerging public health threat is ignored, it is possible that the medical community may be forced, in the near future, to use carbapenems as the first choice for the empirical treatment of serious infections associated with urinary tract infections originating from the community.
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2010
CTX-M extended-spectrum b-lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria that are capable of inhibiting the antimicrobial effects of cephalosporin drugs. Recently, the first domestically acquired Salmonella in the United States expressing bla CTX-M was reported. This is a concern because expanded-spectrum cephalosporins are the treatment of choice for invasive Gram-negative infections, including salmonellosis in children. Because Salmonella transmission is primarily foodborne, there is also concern that resistant enteric bacteria from livestock can be transferred through the food supply chain to consumers. bla CTX-M has not been previously identified in bacterial isolates from food animal populations in the United States. We report the recovery of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum b-lactamases from fecal Escherichia coli of sick and healthy dairy cattle in Ohio. Four individual fecal samples yielded E. coli isolates representing three clonal strains that carried bla CTX-M on transferable plasmids. Two distinguishable plasmids were identified, each encoding bla CTX-M-1 or bla CTX-M-79. Transferrable bla CTX-M genes in bovine E. coli have the potential to serve as a reservoir of resistance for pathogens and may represent a public health concern.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2006
Sixty-two isolates of Enterobacteriaceae (35 Escherichia coli and 27 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates) producing CTX-M-type β-lactamases were collected between March 2000 and June 2003 in different wards of Charles Nicolle Hospital in Tunis (Tunisia). Sequencing identified the bla CTX-M-15 determinant in 55 isolates and bla CTX-M-16 in 7 isolates. The CTX-M-15-producing strains were isolated in several wards and consisted mainly of two successive clonal groups of E. coli and a major clonal group of K. pneumoniae . The second clonal group of E. coli belonged to phylogenetic group B2 and harbored more virulence factors than the first clonal group. Among the 22 transconjugants or electroporants obtained with selected E. coli and K. pneumoniae CTX-M-15-producing strains, a predominant plasmid restriction pattern was obtained with 17 isolates. The four CTX-M-16-producing strains of E. coli yielded the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern, while the three CTX-M-16-producing ...