Hospitalization of Pediatric Enteric Fever Cases, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2017–2019: Incidence and Risk Factors (original) (raw)
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Enteric Fever Cases in the Two Largest Pediatric Hospitals of Bangladesh: 2013-2014
The Journal of infectious diseases, 2018
Enteric fever predominantly affects children in low- and middle-income countries. This study examines the burden of enteric fever at the 2 pediatric hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh and assesses their capacity for inclusion in a prospective cohort study to support enteric fever prevention and control. A descriptive study of enteric fever was conducted among children admitted in 2013-2014 to inpatient departments of Dhaka Shishu and Shishu Shashthya Foundation Hospitals, sentinel hospitals of the World Health Organization-supported Invasive Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Disease surveillance platform. Of 15917 children with blood specimens received by laboratories, 2.8% (443 of 15917) were culture positive for significant bacterial growth. Sixty-three percent (279 of 443) of these isolates were confirmed as the cases of enteric fever (241 Salmonella Typhi and 38 Salmonella Paratyphi A). In addition, 1591 children had suspected enteric fever. Overall, 3.6% (1870 of 51923) were laboratory...
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020
Background Characterizing healthcare-seeking patterns for acute febrile illness is critical for generating population-based enteric fever incidence estimates from facility-based surveillance data. Methods We used a hybrid model in the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) to assess incidence of enteric fever at 6 study hospitals in 3 countries. We recruited individuals presenting to the hospitals and obtained blood cultures to evaluate for enteric fever. For this analysis, we undertook cluster random household surveys in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2 sites); Karachi, Pakistan; Kathmandu, Nepal; and Kavrepalanchok, Nepal between January 2017 and February 2019, to ascertain care-seeking behavior for individuals with 1) fever for ≥3 consecutive days within the past 8 weeks; or 2) fever resulting in hospitalization within the past year. We also collected data about disease severity and household demographics and assets. We used mixed-effect multivariable logistic regression model...
Enteric Fever and Related Contextual Factors in Bangladesh
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2018
Enteric fever remains a major public health problem in the developing world. With the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, disease prevention is becoming essential. There is evidence that improvement of contextual factors, such as socioeconomic development and water supply and sanitation, reduce the burden of this disease. However, such positive results are not universal. This study describes enteric fever trends in Bangladesh along with these factors' progress between 1990 and 2014. Retrospective enteric fever data were collected from Dhaka Shishu (children) Hospital (DSH), Shishu Shasthya Foundation Hospital (SSFH), International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and Popular Diagnostic Center (PDC). Contextual factors data were gathered from relevant organizations and their websites and plotted against time to see trends. During 2001-2014, data for a total of 131,449 blood cultures were available at DSH, SSFH, and PDC. Of those, 7,100 (isolation rate 5.4%) y...
The Journal of infectious diseases, 2018
Designing comprehensive surveillance to generate credible burden estimates of enteric fever in an endemic country can be challenging because care-seeking behavior is complex and surveillance in different healthcare facilities may lead to documentation of different epidemiological characteristics. We conducted retrospective surveillance in 3 healthcare facilities to identify culture-confirmed enteric fever cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2012 through December 2016. The study settings included (1) hospital in-patient department (IPD), (2) hospital out-patient department (OPD), and (3) private consultation center OPD. We analyzed the cases to understand their distribution, age ranges, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns across the settings. Of the 1837 culture-confirmed enteric fever cases, 59% (1079 of 1837) were OPD cases. Children with enteric fever hospitalized in the IPDs were younger than children seeking care at the hospital OPD (median age: 45 vs 60 months) or priva...
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences
Original Research Article Introduction: Enteric (Typhoid) fever is a bacterial infection which can spread all over the body, affecting several organs. The lack of proper treatment can cause serious complications and can be fatal. It is mainly caused by a bacterium called Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi which is related to the bacteria that cause salmonella food poisoning. It is a major public health issue in developing and developed countries. Aim of the study: To assess the prevalence of Enteric fever which are affecting by socio-demographic factors.
Prevalence and determinants of fever, ARI and diarrhea among children aged 6–59 months in Bangladesh
BMC Pediatrics, 2022
Background Although efforts have been made by the international community to improve childhood health, risk factors linked with the healthiness of preschool-age children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are very diverse. Therefore, this paper examines the prevalence and determinants of fever, acute respiratory infection and diarrhea of preschool children in Bangladesh. Methods A sample of 8,421 children from the latest country representative BDHS-2017–18 survey was analyzed by utilizing both the bivariate and multivariate techniques. Results The results revealed that about 4.7, 33.1, and 35.8% of the children aged under 5 years had suffered from diarrhea, fever and ARI respectively during the 2 weeks preceding the date of the survey. Demographic, socio-economic, and community and health characteristics likely to play an important role in suffering under-five children from diarrhea, fever, and ARI in Bangladesh. The child’s age of 13–24 months, delivery by cesarean section, unsafe drinking water, unhygienic toilet facility, low level of family wealth index and parental education, a higher number of living children in the household, rural residency and regional difference were all found to be most crucial determinants of the occurrences of fever, ARI and diarrhea. Conclusion Interventions should focus on improving these significant demographic, socioeconomic, and community and health risk factors. A special attention is necessary to the people who live in rural areas and geospatially disadvantaged regions.
IOSR Journals , 2019
Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serotype typhi and Paratyphi A and B, is endemic in the Indian sub-continent including Bangladesh, Southeast and Far-east Asia, Africa and South Central America. The disease can occur in all age group with highest incidence among children. The name of enteric was given by Louis (1829) to distinguish it from typhus fever. Budd (1856) pointed out that the disease was transmitted through the excreta of patients. Elberth (1880) described the typhoid bacillus, and Gaffky (1884) isolated it in pure culture. Its causative role was confirmed by Metchnikoff and Bessedka (1900) by infecting experimentally.A case-control type of study was conducted during the period from January 2018 to December 2018in the Department of Paediatrics of Adhunik Sadar Hospital, Nilphamari, Bangladesh to assess the risk factors of enteric fever in children. We select two hundred (200) samples maintaininginclusion criteria. Samples were divided into two groups: Group I case and Group II control. In case group there were 100 and 100 were in control group. The control respondents were near about same aged child but not suffered from enteric fever, collected from surrounded households near the hospital. The Mean ± SD of age were (5.20 ± 3.01) for cases and (3.60 ± 2.48) for controls Age distribution of the children was statistically significant where p-value was 0.0001 for t-test and 0.011490 for chi-square (p<0.05). Most of the children were urban dwellers 83% cases and 87% controls. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.028, p = 0.0387) In case of drinking water we found 28.0% of cases drunk supply water in comparison with 19% of controls. There was positive association of drinking supply water with typhoid fever (RR=2.5882 and OR=3.4967 and χ2 =11.92; p-value = 0.0012). Crowdie habitat was reported by 29% of cases and 19% of controls. There may be strong association of crowdie condition of habitat with typhoid fever (RR = 3.5289; OR = 5.2004 and χ2 = 20.21; p =0.0001). Widal test result was positive in 79% of cases; the remaining 31% were found to be Widal negative. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 17.28, p =0.0001).
Nationwide surveillance on enteric fever to estimate the disease burden in Bangladesh
2016
At the very beginning, I express in the most humble way from the core of my heart, the gratitude to almighty Allah for blessings, guidance, protection, help and wisdom in all aspects of my life. I thank Almighty Allah (The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful) to enable me to work on my thesis to the best of my abilities and to keep me in good health throughout.
IOSR Journals , 2019
We conducted a cross-sectional comparative study in the Department of Paediatric Medicine of Dhaka Shishu (children) Hospital during the period from 10th October 2013 to 9th April 2014 with the aim was to document clinical profile in Children with Enteric Fever. Our study subjects were divided into three groups: 1) Children suspected of enteric fever; 2) Febrile children (other than enteric fever) and 3) Non-febrile children. Total sample size for this study was 150. Around half of the participants were in the ‘≤ 5 years’ age group. Mean ± SD was (5.874±2.943) for group-I, (5.598±3.000) for group-II and (5.740 ± 2.741) for group-III. More than half of the participants in all groups were males. Male: Female ratio was about 1.2:1 in group-I, 1.5:1 in group-II and 1.4:1 in group-III. There was no statistical deference in age distribution between the groups (p=0.972) and male-female distribution (p=0.563). There was no significant statistical difference in Parent's educational qualification (p=0.801) and job (p=0.079). For both enteric group and non-enteric group, fever was present in all (100.0%) participants. Blood culture was done in all 150 participants. Among all 123 individual were culture negative and the remaining 27 (18.0 %%) were culture positive. All culture positive participants were in Group-I. The agglutinin levels against TO and TH antigen of the three groups; for group-I children were either widal positive or culture positive and/or both, for group-II widal positive cases were confirmed by negative blood culture findings. TO was found 1:160 or more in 52.0% in enteric fever patients and 12.0% of non-enteric febrile patient. TH showed ≤1:160 count in 48.0% group-I and 16.0% of group-II children. When double widal test result was considered, it was positive in 94.0% of enteric fever cases; the remaining 6.0% of cases and most (89.0%) of the non-enteric children were found to be Widal negative. In the conclusion, we can say laboratory findings can help to detect enteric fever patients more accurately and can treat adequately.
2019
Original Research Article Background: Enteric fever is a common public health problem in Bangladesh. Antibiotic therapy is the choice of treatment but development of resistant to common antimicrobial drugs complicates the problem now a days. Methodology: This prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital at Dhaka from March to December 2016 among suspected case of Enteric fever as per case definition. Results: Among 212 suspected enteric fever 117 children were diagnosed as enteric fever by blood culture and/or widal test. Male: female were 1.3: 1. Maximum (70%) children were in age group 5 years or more. Most of the children were from urban slum area (53.6%) of Dhaka city. Cases were admitted throughout the year. Common presentation were fever (100%), anorexia (100%), pain abdomen (74.4%) and loose motions (46.1%). The common signs were hepatomegaly (41.9%), hepatosplenomegaly (5.1%) coated tongue (64.9%), pallor (74.4%). The complications rate was 35.9% and...