Synthesis and Study of Properties of Geopolymer Materials Developed Using Local Natural Raw Materials and Industrial Waste (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences (IJEMS), 2021
In this research article engineering properties of solely ground granulated blast furnace (GGBS) slag geopolymers have been investigated at varying proportions of alkali activators. Combination of sodium hydroxide (SH) and sodium meta silicate (SMS) powder has been used as alkali activators. Consistency, setting time and compressive strength have been determined at different concentration of SH and ratio of SMS/SH for GGBS geopolymer. Maximum compressive strength of 87.76 MPa has been achieved at 2 molar concentration of SH and SMS/SH = 2.0 after 28 days of curing at ambient temperature. The consistency of mix attaining maximum compressive strength is 27.5%. The initial and final setting time of 55 and 105 minutes has been observed. The soundness of geopolymer paste is within permissible limits. The microstructural analysis of GGBS and geopolymer paste has been performed by XRD, FTIR, FESEM and EDAX. The coexistence of calcium silicate hydrate gel and geopolymeric gel may be responsible for achieving high compressive strength at low concentration of activators under ambient temperature curing.
Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik, 2020
In this study, the material characterization of Vietnamese ground coal slag and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), such as particle size distribution, chemical composition, bulk density and particle density are shown. The geopolymer specimens were prepared by mixing an 80 m/m% mass of solid materials (ground coal slag and GGBFS in a different ratio) with 20 m/m % of a 10M NaOH alkaline activator. A systematic experimental series was carried out in order to optimize the preparation process. In that series, the heat curing temperature was 60°C for 6 hours, and then selected specimens were heat treated at a high temperature (1000 °C) for 1 hour. After 7 days of ageing, the physical properties of the geopolymer (compressive strength, specimen density) were measured. Also, after 180 days of ageing, the pH values of water in the geopolymer leaching preparation were determined. The results show that the geopolymer can be used for refractory applications due to its good heat resi...
Review on Current Geopolymer as a Coating Material
A world towards the concept of sustainable development and environment with low greenhouse gas emissions, zero waste and low energy consumption is an important endeavor. Geopolymer is an aluminosilicate materials occurred by dissolve it in highly alkaline solution then transform into tridimensional tecto-aluminosilicate materials. As an inorganic material, geopolymer has a potential in fire resistant and protective coating for different surfaces including metal and concrete due to their superior mechanical, chemical and thermal resistance properties. With an additional engineering design, in curing and sintering temperature, Si:Al ratio as well as additives used will improve the geopolymer coating properties. The present paper outlines briefly the potential of geopolymer as a coating material to bring the world towards a better future with a reduced carbon footprint.
Natural pozzolan-and granulated blast furnace slag-based binary geopolymers
Materiales de Construcción, 2016
This study describes the synthesis at ambient temperature (25±3 °C) of binary geopolymer systems based on natural volcanic pozzolan and granulated blast furnace slag. Na 2 SiO 3 and NaOH were used as alkaline activators. The effects of the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O/Al 2 O 3 ratio and the amount of slag added (from 0 to 30%) on the reaction kinetics, compressive strength and microstructure of the final product were studied. To characterise the geopolymer pastes, techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. The results indicate the possibility of obtaining a geopolymer cement with a compressive strength of up to 48.11 MPa after 28 days of curing at ambient temperature whose characteristics are comparable to those of commercial portland cement.
Development of geopolymeric materials from industrial solid wastes
Flotation tailings resulted from the mineral processing of mixed sulfides ores represent the main source of the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD). These solid wastes remain unutilized in the disposal areas (tailing dams), while for their stabilization and the immobilization of the contained heavy metals highly costly management techniques are required. In the present paper the geopolymerization of the flotation tailings resulted from copper sulfide ores dressing process is investigated, as an alternative method for their treatment aiming at immobilize the contained heavy metals and utilize the produced materials as raw materials in the construction materials industry.
Thermal properties of geopolymer materials
2016
Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is traditionally the most common binder in concrete manufacturing and is widely used in the petroleum industry, yet its mechanical properties have some shortcomings and its production has proven environmentally harmful. In addition, various industries generate by-products which also have a negative environmental impact. Interested parties therefore seek to replace OPC with a superior cementitious material that can be produced through recycling industrial by-products. One potential replacement is geopolymer binders; however, the quality of the geopolymer depends on the source materials used and the specific methods for creating it. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is a by-product of iron or steel manufacturing. This research conducts a thermal analysis on the creation of an aplite-slag (GGBFS) based geopolymer, considering the effects of 1) the addition of microsilica to increase the silica/alumina ratio, and 2) the addition of sucrose as a retarder to shift the geopolymer setting time. The results indicate that increasing the soluble silicate content has a negative effect, but an optimal curing temperature tends to improve the extent of geopolymerization. Additionally, an optimum retarder dosage of sucrose was found to be 1.2% of the total solid content, which lengthened the geopolymerization process by 20.39 minutes and also increased the heat evolution by 13.3%. These adjustments would lead to better physical and mechanical properties in the final product, thus presenting an encouraging prospect in the industrial application of this material.
Geopolymers: Structures, Processing, Properties and Industrial Applications
discusses the synthesis and characterisation of geopolymers with chapters covering fly ash chemistry and inorganic polymer cements -assesses the application and commercialisation of geopolymers with particular focus on applications in waste management -reviews the latest research on and applications of these highly important materials A geopolymer is a solid aluminosilicate material usually formed by alkali hydroxide or alkali silicate activation of a solid precursor such as coal fly ash, calcined clay and/or metallurgical slag. Today the primary application of geopolymer technology is in the development of reduced-CO2 construction materials as an alternative to Portland-based cements. Geopolymers: structure, processing, properties and industrial applications reviews the latest research on and applications of these highly important materials.
Quarry Waste as Precursors in Geopolymers for Civil Engineering Applications: A Decade in Review
Materials
Carbon footprint reduction of paving materials could be explored through recycling mining by-products into different applications, which will preserve natural resources and decrease environmental issues. One possible approach is to reuse quarry dust and mining ore waste as precursors in geopolymer applications. geopolymers are mineral polymers rich in aluminosilicates with an amorphous to a semi-crystalline three-dimensional structure. The current review aims to summarize the studies conducted during the past decade on geopolymers containing quarry dust and mine tailings. The first section discusses various precursors used for geopolymer cement production such as metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash, and quarry/mining ore wastes including silt, tungsten, vanadium, copper, gold, zinc, marble, iron, basalt, and lithium. Different calcination treatments and curing conditions have been summarized. In some cases, the precursors are required to be calcined to ...
Geopolymerisation: A review and prospects for the minerals industry
Minerals Engineering, 2007
Inorganic polymers, more commonly referred to as ''geopolymers'', are alumino-silicate materials which exhibit excellent physical and chemical properties and a diverse range of potential applications, including precast structures and non-structural elements, concrete pavements and products, containment and immobilisation of toxic, hazardous and radioactive wastes, advanced structural tooling and refractory ceramics, and fire resistant composites used in buildings, aeroplanes, shipbuilding, racing cars, and the nuclear power industry.
Comprehensive Analysis of Geopolymer Materials: Properties, Environmental Impacts, and Applications
Review Paper, 2023
The advancement of eco-friendly technology in the construction sector has been improving rapidly in the last few years. As a result, multiple building materials were developed, enhanced, and proposed as replacements for some traditional materials. One notable example presents geopolymer as a substitute for ordinary Portland concrete (OPC). The manufacturing process of (OPC) generates CO2 emissions and a high energy demand, both of which contribute to ozone depletion and global warming. The implementation of geopolymer concrete (GPC) technology in the construction sector provides a path to more sustainable growth and a cleaner environment. This is due to geopolymer concrete's ability to reduce environmental pollutants and reduce the construction industry's carbon footprint. This is achieved through its unique composition, which typically involves industrial byproducts like fly ash or slag. These materials, rich in silicon and aluminum, react with alkaline solutions to form a binding gel, bypassing the need for the high-energy clinker production required in OPC. The use of such byproducts not only reduces CO2 emissions but also contributes to waste minimization. Additionally, geopolymer offers extra advantages compared to OPC, including improved mechanical strength, enhanced durability, and good stability in acidic and alkaline settings. Such properties make GPC particularly suitable for a range of construction environments, from industrial applications to infrastructure projects exposed to harsh conditions. This paper comprehensively reviews the different characteristics of geopolymers, which include their composition, compressive strength, durability, and curing methods. Furthermore, the environmental impacts related to the manufacturing of geopolymer materials were evaluated through the life-cycle assessment method. The result demonstrated that geopolymer concrete maintains positive environmental impacts due to the fact that it produces fewer carbon dioxide CO 2 emissions compared to OPC concrete during its manufacturing; however, geopolymer concrete had some minor negative environmental impacts, including abiotic depletion, human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and acidi-fication. These are important considerations for ongoing research aimed at further improving the sustainability of geopolymer concrete. Moreover, it was determined that silicate content, curing temperature, and the proportion of alkaline solution to binder are the major factors significantly influencing the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. The advancement of geopolymer technology represents not just a stride toward more sustainable construction practices but also paves the way for innovative approaches in the field of building materials.