Structure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Magnesium Alloys for Medical Applications (original) (raw)
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Investigation of magnesium-based alloys for biomedical applications
2006
In this work, cast, as well as wrought, Mg-based alloys and pure Mg were investigated as promising materials for construction of biomedical degradable implants. Mg, AZ91, AM50 and MgCa5 alloys were studied. The alloys were prepared by various routes including casting into large sand or small metal moulds and hot extrusion. Microstructures and basic mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated. Chemical properties which are useful to predict the degradation rates of implants were determined by exposition tests in a model saliva solution. It was shown that the microstructures of the wrought materials contained recrystallized grains of α(Mg) phase and intermetallic phases. These microstructures were more uniform than those of the cast alloys which contained more or less continuous network of interdendritic phases around primary α(Mg). The presence of the network led to a reduction of strength of the cast alloys. Exposition tests showed that the cast AZ91Fe0.05 alloy corroded m...
2018
In order to make a rational design of magnesium alloys for bone repair, four kinds of Mg alloy ingots were prepared by vacuum induction furnace, namely Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca (wt.%) (ZX30), Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr (wt.%) (ZK30), Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr-0.3Sr (wt.%) (ZKJ300) and Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr-0.3Ca-0.3Ag (wt.%) (ZKXQ3000) alloys. The four ingots were extruded into bar materials through a hot-extrusion process under different temperatures with different extrusion ratios, the mechanical performances and the corrosion behaviors in the simulated body fluid (SBF) of the four alloys were investigated, and the mechanism of fracture and corrosion was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed the ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of all the alloys were found to be around 360 MPa, while ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) of ZKJ300 (334.61 ± 2.92 MPa) and ZKXQ3000 (337.56 ± 2.19 MPa) alloys were much higher than those of ZX30 (298.17 ± 0.93 MPa) and ZK30 (293.26 ± 2.71 MPa) alloys. The electrochem...
Novel Magnesium Alloys Developed for Biomedical Application: A Review
There is an increasing interest in the development of magnesium alloys both for industrial and biomedical applications. Industrial interest in magnesium alloys is based on strong demand of weight reduction of transportation vehicles for better fuel efficiency, so higher strength, and better ductility and corrosion resistance are required. Nevertheless, biomedical magnesium alloys require appropriate mechanical properties, suitable degradation rate in physiological environment, and what is most important, biosafety to human body. Rather than simply apply commercial magnesium alloys to biomedical field, new alloys should be designed from the point of view of nutriology and toxicology. This article provides a review of state-of-the-art of magnesium alloy implants and devices for orthopedic, cardiovascular and tissue engineering applications. Advances in new alloy design, novel structure design and surface modification are overviewed. The factors that influence the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys are discussed and the strategy in the future development of biomedical magnesium alloys is proposed.
2019
From recent decades extensive research is going on lightweight magnesium and its alloys for applications in medical science. Due to good biocompatibility and reasonable mechanical strength (similar to bone tissue), magnesium and its alloys are potential candidates for biomedical applications as biodegradable implant materials. However, poor corrosion rate and creep resistance of magnesium alloys are major limitations in its wider application for biomedical applications. Development of Magnesium (Mg) metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with bioceramic particles can be sought as a solution to the above challenge. This review gives the comprehensive details of Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys along with the different reinforcement used to fabricate Mg MMCs, emphasizing on their method of fabrication and their mechanical and corrosive properties.
The current trends of Mg alloys in biomedical applications—A review
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 2018
Magnesium (Mg) has emerged as an ideal alternative to the permanent implant materials owing to its enhanced properties such as biodegradation, better mechanical strengths than polymeric biodegradable materials and biocompatibility. It has been under investigation as an implant material both in cardiovascular and orthopedic applications. The use of Mg as an implant material reduces the risk of long-term incompatible interaction of implant with tissues and eliminates the second surgical procedure to remove the implant, thus minimizes the complications. The hurdle in the extensive use of Mg implants is its fast degradation rate, which consequently reduces the mechanical strength to support the implant site. Alloy development, surface treatment, and design modification of implants are the routes that can lead to the improved corrosion resistance of Mg implants and extensive research is going on in all three directions. In this review, the recent trends in the alloying and surface treatment of Mg have been discussed in detail. Additionally, the recent progress in the use of computational models to analyze Mg bioimplants has been given special consideration.
Mechanical properties of magnesium alloys for medical application: A review
Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 2018
Magnesium alloys as a class of biodegradable metals have great potential to be used as implant materials, which attract much attention. In this review, the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys for medical applications are summarized. The methods to improve the mechanical properties of biodegradable magnesium alloys and the mechanical behaviors of Mg alloys in biomedical application are illustrated. Finally the challenges and future development of biodegradable magnesium alloys are presented.
7 Magnesium Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Since the last few decades, interest in Mg alloys as biodegradable alloys has been growing. Magnesium alloys are getting attention due to their outstanding biocompatibility, moderate corrosion rate and excellent mechanical properties, when proper alloying elements and processes are utilized. Likely, magnesium alloys are used as materials for temporary cardiovascular devices and orthopedic applications. Body absorbs these implants after they complete their functions such as bonding to tissue, scaffolding and mechanical support. While developing a magnesium alloy, the focus is mainly on the design, fatigue, corrosion resistance, deformability and uniform corrosion morphology. Researchers working on magnesium alloys mainly focus on in vitro and in vivo properties, which will help to minimize animal testing and support CONTENTS
Crystals
Magnesium alloys are widely employed in various applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and superior mechanical properties as compared to unalloyed Magnesium. Alloying is considered an important way to enhance the strength of the metal matrix composite but it significantly influences the damping property of pure magnesium, while controlling the rate of corrosion for Mg-based material remains critical in the biological environment. Therefore, it is essential to reinforce the magnesium alloy with a suitable alloying element that improves the mechanical characteristics and resistance to corrosion of Mg-based material. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, lower stress shielding effect, bio-activeness, and non-toxicity are the important parameters for biomedical applications other than mechanical and corrosion properties. The development of various surface modifications is also considered a suitable approach to control the degradation rate of Mg-based materials, making lig...
Corrosionand Biocompatibility Assessment of Magnesium Alloys
Journal of Biomaterials and …, 2012
Magnesium due to its good biocompatibility, mechanical properties, necessity in metabolic processes and lightness in weight, is an ideal candidate for biodegradable implants. The major concerns with magnesium and its alloys are that of rapid and non-uniform corrosion. In this investigation, magnesium based binary, ternary and quaternary alloys were studied for their corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. In vitro corrosion resistance of the alloys was studied in accordance with ASTM G 102-89 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37˚C. The surface morphology of the alloys was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the wettability of the alloys was determined by contact angle measurements. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the leached metal ions on the viability of osteoblast was evaluated bysulforhodamine B (SRB) assay.