Hematological and biochemical profile of person with macrocytic anemia in a tertiary health care centre of Nepal (original) (raw)
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https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.7\_Issue.9\_Sep2017/IJHSR\_Abstract.03.html, 2017
Background: Anemia is defined as a decrease in the total amount of Red Blood Cells (RBC) or Hemoglobin in the blood or lowered ability of the blood to carry Oxygen .There are many classifications of anemia but clinically useful approach is alterations in Red Cell morphology including the size and amount of hemoglobin in each cell. According to the WHO, there are two billion people with anemia in the world and half of the anemia is due to iron deficiency. Young children and women of childbearing age are the most affected one. The aim of the study was to assess the hematological parameters along with peripheral blood examination to evaluate the type, severity and prevalence of anemia in various age groups. cases were studied including outdoor as well as indoor. The samples for test were collected in EDTA tube. The slides for peripheral blood examination were prepared and stain with Giemsa .The sample were run in automated cell counter for hematological parameters and RBC indices. Results: In our study out of 1140 cases 52.63% were male and 47.36% were female and commonest group 46.14% affected were adults followed by the patients in the third decade 20.35%. Results showing high proportion of microcytic hypochromic anemia and their association with women following menarche period indicating iron deficiency as a main cause. Microcytic Hypochromic anemia was commonest morphologically classified anemia 49.10% of which, majority had moderate type 64.47% and majority are females and children followed by normocytic normochromic anemia accounting 40.01% and majority of which had mild type of anemia 62.52% and the predominant age group in this category was elderly. Macrocytic anemia 12.54%does not show any significant variation with severity and age group and only 51 had dimorphic anemia in which 64.7% had mild type. conclusion: In different age group the prevalence and the severity of various types of anemia is different, which is because of different etiology. The prevalence of anemia increases with age and is associated with chronic diseases, inflammation, nutritional deficiencies and other conditions such as infection, reduction in bone marrow response. As a result, a diagnosis of anemia warrants adequate clinical attention, to find out the cause, type, severity which provides basis treatment in anemic.
Evaluation of clinical, biochemical and hematological parameters in macrocytic anemia
International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 2019
The term Macrocytosis refer to a blood condition in which Red Blood Cells (RBC) are larger than normal. Macrocytosis is defined in terms of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV). Normal MCV values range from 80 to 100 fl. MCV is calculated according to following formula MCV (fl) = Hemototrit (%) * 100 / RBC Count (10 6/ml) Macrocytosis can be identified by peripheral blood smear or by automated RBC indices. The incidence of detecting macrocytosis have increased and has varied from 1.7% to 3.6% in several reported series. 1 Compare to peripheral blood smear MCV may underestimate macrocytosis in over 30% of cases. 2,3 No complication arise from macrocytosis as isolated finding however if identification can provide important ABSTRACT Background: Macrocytosis can be seen in many hematological and non-hematological disorders and more than one cause may co-exist in an individual. Serum vitamin B12 and folic acid tests are routinely ordered but they are limited by their low sensitivity and specificity. This study is done to analyze the clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters in macrocytic anemia and to study the difference between megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic anemia in these parameters. Methods: There were 100 patients presenting with macrocytosis were taken in to study. A detailed clinical history and physical examination was done in all cases. CBC, biochemical investigations, peripheral blood examination, Vitamin B12, folate levels, bone marrow aspiration and reticulocyte count was done in all cases. Results: Primary bone marrow disorders were the most common cause of macrocytosis (45%). The other causes in decreasing order of frequency were megaloblastic anemia (36%), alcoholism and liver disease (15%), drug induced (2%) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (1%). There was a significant difference in the mean values of MCV and serum LDH between megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic macrocytosis. When serum LDH >1124.5IU/L or MCV>120.5fl (criterion values of ROC curve) with reticulocyte count <2% was taken as criteria, the sensitivity was 94.4% and specificity was 93% for diagnosing megaloblastic anemia. Conclusions: Systematic evaluation of macrocytosis will help us to distinguish megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic macrocytosis. The blood and biochemical parameters especially CBC, RC, and serum LDH along with supporting clinical features help us in diagnosing megaloblastic anemia in a setup where vitamin and metabolite levels are difficult to obtain.
Occurrence of anemia among the people of Gurugram, Haryana: a cross sectional study
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics
Anemia is considered a condition, not a disease in which numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are insufficient to meet the body’s metabolical and physiological needs for oxygen. Anemia may also develop due to nutritional deficiencies such as iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin A; moderate and severe inflammation; parasitic infestation; and acquired or inherited disorders that affect hemoglobin synthesis, red blood cell development or red blood cell endurance. This proposed work depicts the distribution of different morphological types of anemia on people of Gurugram, Haryana. All the samples were analyzed for CBC and peripheral blood smear by using Sysmax (three parts) hematology analyzer and microscopy. In the present study, 300 patients in 6 months study period were included to diagnose anemia. Only 166 cases were positive. Out of 166 cases, 85 (51.2%) were female and 81 (48.8%) were male. The highest number of participants showed RBCs count in the range of 4.5-5.5 million/mm...
IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
Introduction: Anemia is a common concern in different age groups. Anemia leads to loss in physical function, affecting quality of life and has substantial social and economic effects. Because anemia is a sign, not a diagnosis, an evaluation is almost always warranted to identify the underlying cause. Objectives: As anemia is most commonly seen in children in whom it leads to growth retardation, women of reproductive age group where it can lead to maternal and child mortality and in the elderly in whom there is greater risk of co-morbidities, impaired functional status and greater risk of death, the objective of this study is to assess the patterns of anemia in this age groups. Materials and Methods: A retro spective study was undertaken at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Teritiary care centre for a period of 6 months from May 2018 to December 2018. Children (1-15 years), women o f reproductive age group (16 - 60 years), Males (20-60 yrs) and elderly (both males and females) (>60 years) were studied. Routine hematological investigations were done by Hematological analyzer and peripheral smear examination was done to determine the pattern and etiology of anemia. Results: Of the total 1000 hemograms that were studied, Females were 519 (51.9%) and Males were 280 (28 %), children were 201(20.1%) with Female prep onderance. Males and Females also include Elder patients. Most common age group in females was 16-60 years, in males was 20-6 0 years and in children age group was from 1 month to 15 years. Commonest pattern of anemia was observed Microcytic Hypochromic followed by Dimorphic, Macrocytic anemia and normocytic normochromic respectively. Conclusion: Identifying anemia is an important aspect of assessment. It is essential for the further clinical evaluation. Confirming the type of anemia is important to direct the investigation for profiling the etiology since it is well known that the treatment of anemia has long way in improving the overall outcome and quality of life.
Clinico-aetiologic profile of macrocytic anemias with special reference to megaloblastic anemia
Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 2008
Purpose of study This study was conducted to study the clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with macrocytic anemia and to determine the etiology of macrocytic anemia with special reference to megaloblastic anemia. Materials and methods This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried over a period of 18 months on 60 adult patients (age ≥13 years) of macrocytic anemia. Macrocytic anemia was identifi ed when peripheral blood examination showed anemia with a mean red blood corpuscular volume of >95 fl. Result The most common cause of macrocytic anemia was megaloblastic anemia (38.4%). The major causes of nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia were primary bone marrow disorders (35%), liver diseases (15%) and hemolytic anemia (8.3%). There was a signifi cant male preponderance in the study (65%). The megaloblastic anemias observed were due to either vitamin B 12 defi ciency (78.3%) or combined B 12 and folate defi ciency (21.7%). A signifi cant proportion of non-vegetarians (73.9%) had megaloblastic anemia. Patients with an MCV of >110fl were more likely to have megaloblastic anemia (p value 0.0007). Three patients (mean age 55 years) with a megaloblastic marrow did not respond to vitamin replacement and were found to have myelodysplastic syndrome. Conclusion Megaloblastic anemia due to Vitamin B 12 or folate defi ciency remains the most important cause of macrocytic anemia. In settings with limited laboratory facilities, a therapeutic trial of vitamins B 12 or folic acid is useful in determining the specifi c vitamin defi ciency.
2019
Anemia is one of the leading morbidity cause in subjects attending OPD in both the urban and rural tertiary care hospitals across the whole of India, Deficiency of various micronutrients i.e. Iron, VitB, proteins, indirectly reflects the health, education, pharmaceutical economy and productivity of the entire nation. Anemia is like any other clinical signs it does not give a diagnosis intrinsically. Defined as low hemoglobin levels below threshold levels, set for specific age and gender groups by the World Health Organization [WHO] various classification have been floating in medical education on anemia by different quarters of medical sciences i.e., pathology, medicine, while the treatment depends mostly on cause. Global Data’s epidemiological analysis found the burden of anemia is shared significantly by developed countriesalso. A large variety of ailments i.e., nutritional disorders, menstrual disorders, is also an important preoperative investigation etc. Prevailingfrom infancy ...
Anemia in elderly patients–Etiology and morphologies in northern region of India
2021
Anemia in elders is an extremely common problem which results in which can be caused by mortality and morbidity, particularly in the elderly age group. At this age, it can be more devastating than youngsters. According to WHO study occurrence of anemia is 10.2% in women and 11% in men aged 65% or more. Approximately one-third of cases have anemia due to nutritional deficiency, one-third due to chronic inflammation and chronic kidney disease or both and one-third have unexplained anemia. Reduction of RBC production due to bone marrow suppression can also lead to anemia. This is seen in side effects of medication, myelodysplasia, and decreased bone marrow production associated with ageing. For all practical purposes diagnosis of anemia is diagnosed due to three parameters hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit value (Hct), and RBC count. Clinical symptoms of anemia can be fatigue, dizziness, tachycardia, dyspnoea, head and chest pain, cold hands, and feet, restless leg syndrome and tarry stools.
Clinical and cytogenetic analysis of human anemias from Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir state
Asian Journal of Transfusion Science, 2010
Background: Anemias are the blood disorders characterized by reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in blood. Chromosomal aberrations have often been reported from the bone marrow as well as cultured lymphocytes of the anemic patients. Aims: The aims of the study were to find out the commonest type of anemia occurring in the population of Jammu, India and to find out the chromosomal changes involved in the disorder. Material and Methods: Present study has been carried out on the bone marrow samples from 53 clinically diagnosed anemic patients. Cytogenetic study was carried out on slides prepared from these samples. Noncytogenetic factors like age, sex, religion, blood groups, family history of anemia, socioeconomic status, etc. have also been included in the study. Results: Megaloblastic anemia was found to be the commonest type of anemia. Centromere stretching, chromatid breaks, gaps, and elongation of chromosomes were recorded in patients with megaloblastic anemia and combined deficiency anemia. However, structural changes and numerical changes were totally absent. Conclusion: The commonest anemia among the people of Jammu region is megaloblastic anemia and its prevalence is increasing every year. Also, megaloblastic anemia is always associated with reversible cytogenetic changes.