Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis (original) (raw)

Idiopathic scoliosis remains an enigmatic spinal deformity characterized by lateral curvature and vertebral rotation, with historical beliefs attributing its cause to postural or nutritional factors. Despite extensive research into genetic, anatomical, and hormonal influences—including studies on melatonin and calmodulin levels—no definitive causative factors have been established. This review highlights various proposed mechanisms and underscores the need for ongoing investigation into the genetic and environmental interactions contributing to idiopathic scoliosis.