Glutathione and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Essential Hypertension (original) (raw)
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Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Status in Human Hypertension
2011
Background: There is growing evidence that oxidative stress contributes to hypertension justified by observations, predominantly in animal models. Objective: The aim of the present study was to observe the relationship, if any, between systemic arterial hypertension and biochemical markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and aging. Materials & Methods: 50 subjects with hypertension and 50 age and sex-matched controls were included in the study. The nitrate-nitrite ratio, malondialdehyde (measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide dismutase activity, and high sensitive C-Reactive Protein were assayed on samples from these subjects by standardized methodology. The data obtained was statistically analyzed. Results: Statistically significant mean values of serum nitrate-nitrite ratio and plasma superoxide dismutase activity were lower and that of serum malondialdehyde was higher in hypertensive subjects when compared to the controls. Serum nitrate-nitrite ratio, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity exhibited statistically significant multivariate correlation with each other while High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein was not significantly correlated. Nitrate-nitrite ratio was significantly lower with aging both in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Conclusion: The present study confirmed the role of oxidation mediated tissue damage in generation of hypertension and suggested the usefulness of examining nitrate:nitrite ratio as a surrogate marker of the pathophysiologic process leading to generation of human hypertension. The study also confirmed an exacerbation of oxidative stress with advancement of age in both study groups.
2018
DOI: 10.21276/sjams.2018.6.7.30 Abstract: The present study was carried out to estimate the erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, an antioxidant enzyme and malondialdehyde (marker of lipid peroxidation) in Hypertensive subjects of different grades as per JNC 7 th norms and to determine their relation with each other in essential hypertensive patients. In the present study, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels were measured in 90 hypertensive subjects (30-60 years), categorized into three groups as prehypertension, Stage I HT and Stage II HT, depending upon their blood pressure and statistically compared it with that of 30 healthy individual, served as control. Correlation analysis between aforesaid parameters was performed by using Pearson correlation test. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was found to be significantly low in each patient group as compared to control (P < 0.001) where as malondialdehyde levels were increased sig...
Oxidant–antioxidant Status and Lipid Profile in the Hypertensive Patients
Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, 2009
Background: Hypertension is associated with an elevation of ROS and frequently also with an impairment of endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. Increased level of serum cholesterol, TG, VLDL has been observed in patients with hypertension. It has been shown that oxidized lipoprotein inactivates NO and aggravates hypertension. This study intends to know the association of oxidative stress and lipid profile with hypertensive patients of the Western Nepal.
Atherosclerosis, 2007
Background: We sought to evaluate the association between pre-hypertension status and oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL)), in a random sample of cardiovascular disease-free adults. Methods: The ATTICA study is a cross-sectional population-based survey that conducted in Attica region during 2001-2002. Based on a multistage and stratified random sampling, 1514 men and 1528 women (18-89 years old) were enrolled. The survey included a detailed interview; blood samples collected after 12 h of fasting and, among other clinical measurements, status of blood pressure levels was evaluated. Results: Six hundred and fifty-three men (43%) and 535 women (35%) were defined as pre-hypertensives. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were inversely correlated with TAC (p < 0.001) and positively correlated to oxidized LDL (p < 0.001). Particularly, compared to normotensive subjects, pre-hypertensives had 7% lower TAC levels (p < 0.001) and 15% higher oxidized LDL levels (p < 0.05), after correcting for multiple comparisons and adjusting for age, body mass index, blood lipids, glucose, food groups consumed and other potential confounders. Conclusions: Studying a large sample of cardiovascular disease-free adults, we revealed an association of pre-hypertension with oxidative stress markers linking to atherosclerotic process.
Association of low anti oxidant status with hypertension: cause or consequence
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2012
Background and objectives: Recent studies imply an increasing association of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study was designed to evaluate oxidative stress in hypertensive subjects and to assess the correlation of antioxidant status with the severity of hypertension. Material and methods: Ninety-six hypertensive cases were divided into three groups based on severity of hypertension as per JNC VII classification. Lipid profile, antioxidant power of serum(FRAP assay) and oxidant load of serum(FOX2) of hypertensive cases were compared with an equal number of age and sex matched healthy normotensive controls. Data was analysed by Student's t test and Pearson's correlation. Result: Lipid profile, oxidant load was significantly higher in hypertensive patients in comparison to controls (P<0.001). Antioxidant status was lower in hypertensives as compared to controls. A significant correlation was observed between lipid profile vs. oxidative stress and hypertension vs. low antioxidant level (r=0.835, P<0.001) Conclusion: Above findings demonstrate a strong association between blood pressure, dyslipidaemia and oxidative parameters shows a possible role of oxidative stress in the severity of hypertension.
Archives of Iranian medicine, 2009
Arterial hypertension is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease and cardiovascular-induced morbidity and mortality. It can cause end-organ damages such as cerebrovascular diseases, renal failure, and congestive heart failure. On the other hand, because of elevated blood pressure and rapid blood flow, there is an increase in oxidation and peroxidation reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and superoxide dismutase activity in sera of hypertensive patients. In this case-control study, 70 hypertensive patients without any other important diseases such as congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, liver disease, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, or thyroid disease were compared with 70 age-and gender-matched controls. The participants' age range was from 30 to 75 years. Measurement of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in serum was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The activity of superoxide dismutase i...
Systemic deterioration of biomolecules and increased incidence of oxidative stress play a crucial role in the development of hypertension (HT). In addition, occurrence of dyslipidemia in hypertension significantly contributes the development of cardiovascular disease. In this context, the present study focused on culprit effect of oxidative stress and dyslipidemia on North Indian stage I HT patients in enhancing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim is to estimate the plasma lipid profile, marker of inflammation and oxidative stress in stage 1 hypertension and to determine their role in predicting CVD risk. The study population consists of 40 stage I HT patients (40-55 years) of either sex, recruited as per JNC 7 th report and 40 age and sex matched healthy controls. Plasma lipid profile, c-reactive protein (CRP) and ascorbic acid levels were measured along with erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in study group subjects and data was statistically analyzed using standard methods. Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLcholesterol, CRP and MDA levels were significantly high (p<0.05) in patient group as compared to healthy controls whereas plasma ascorbic acid and HDL levels were decreased significantly (p<0.05) in stage I HT patients. Thus, enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation along with dyslipidemia play a crucial role in HT development and its related complications. Therefore, these markers should not only regularly monitored with increase in blood pressure but also regulated by effective dietary and therapeutic treatment strategy in early stage of hypertension.
Lipid peroxidation the levels of antioxidant enzymes in hypertension
Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 2012
There is substantial evidence that oxidative stress plays a major role in hypertension and subsequently the atherosclerotic process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of oxidative stress in hypertension. Materials and Methods: The study included 46 hypertensive and 48 control subjects. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde level were measured in serum samples of the participants along with fasting lipid levels. Statistical Analysis Used: All data was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using standard statistical software like Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Chi square test was used for categorical variables. Results: Serum malondialdehyde level was significantly raised in the study group as compared to control group (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity, whole blood glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly decreased in all the subgroups of study group as compared to control group (p < 0.05). Cholesterol, low density lipoproteins and triglycerides showed significant rise, whereas high density lipoprotein was decreased as compared to normal. Conclusions: The higher malondialdehyde level and lower activity levels of other antioxidant molecules measured in this study could have resulted from increased free radical generation, which may confirm the presence of oxidative stress in hypertension. However, further elaborate clinical studies are required to evaluate the role of such antioxidant enzymes.
Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Essential Hypertension
Hypertension Research, 2007
This study investigated the association of blood pressure with blood oxidative stress-related parameters in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. A cross-sectional design was applied to 31 hypertensive patients and 35 healthy normotensive subjects. All subjects were men between the ages of 35 and 60 years. Exclusion criteria were obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking and current use of any medication. All patients underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and sampling of blood and urine. Antioxidant enzymes activity, reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were determined in erythrocytes. Parameters measured in the plasma of test subjects were plasma antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostane), plasma vitamin C and E, and the blood pressure modulators renin, aldosterone, endothelin-1 and homocysteine. Daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressures of hypertensives were negatively correlated with plasma antioxidant capacity (r =-0.46, p <0.009 and r =-0.48, p <0.007), plasma vitamin C levels (r =-0.53, p <0.003 and r =-0.44, p <0.02), erythrocyte activity of antioxidant enzymes, and erythrocyte GSH/GSSG ratio, with hypertensives showing higher levels of oxidative stress. Blood pressures showed a positive correlation with both plasma and urine 8-isoprostane. Neither plasma vitamin E nor the assessed blood pressure modulator levels showed significant differences between the groups or correlation with blood pressures. These findings demonstrate a strong association between blood pressure and some oxidative stress-related parameters and suggest a possible role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. (Hypertens Res 2007; 30: 1159-1167)
Journal of Human Hypertension, 2007
The objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its individual components on oxidative stress (OX) and on the activity of antioxidant enzymes of patients with essential hypertension. One hundred and eighty-seven hypertensives, 127 (61.9%) of them having criteria for MS according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria and 30 healthy normotensive subjects were included. OX status was assessed by measuring glutathione oxidized/glutathione reduced and reactive oxygen species-induced byproducts of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehide, and DNA damage, 8-oxo-dG genomic and mitochondrial. Antioxidant enzymatic activity of Cu/Zn extracellular-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was measured in plasma and glutathione peroxidase 1 in hemolysad erythrocytes. In mononuclear cells, total-SOD activity, CAT and glutathione peroxidase 1, were assessed as well. The OX state in both blood and peripheral mononuclear cells observed in hypertensives were not enhanced by the addition of components of the so-called MS. Likewise, the reduction in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, both extracellular and cytoplasmic, was not affected by the presence of additional components of the MS. Neither the number of components nor the individual addition of each of them, low high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, abdominal obesity or fasting glucose, further impact in the OX abnormalities observed in those with only hypertension in absence of other components. In conclusion, the present data indicates that contribution of MS components to the OX burden generated by high blood pressure is minimal.