Functional Balance & Gait Balance in normal Geriatric Population: By Gait training with Multiple task (original) (raw)
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Physical therapy, 2021
Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of integrated and consecutive cognitive dual-task balance training in older adults on balance, fear of falling, and gait performance. Methods. Fifty-eight participants (age >65 years) were randomly assigned to an integrated dual-task training group (IDTT) (n = 29) and consecutive dual-task training group (CDTT) (n = 29). Balance exercises and cognitive tasks were performed simultaneously by the IDTT group and consecutively by the CDTT group for 8 weeks. Balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale as a primary outcome measure and the Timed "Up & Go" Test (TUG) (standard-cognitive), fear of falling was assessed using the Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale, and gait speed was assessed using the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) (under single-task and dual-task conditions). All tests were performed before and after the training. Results. There was no difference in group-time interaction in the Berg Balance Scale, TUG-standard, 10MWT-single task, and 10MWT-dual task tests. Group-time interaction was different in the TUG-cognitive and Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale scores. Also, the effect of time was significantly different in all scales except for the 10MWT-single task in both groups. Conclusion. At the end of the 8-week training period, the impact of integrated and consecutive dual-task balance training on balance and gait performance in older adults was not statistically significantly different. This study suggests that consecutive dual-task balance training can be used as an alternative method to increase balance performance and gait speed in older adults who cannot perform integrated dual-task activities. Impact. There were no significant differences between the effects of the 2 dual-task training methods on balance and gait speed, suggesting that the consecutive dual-task balance training method can be used to improve the balance and gait of older adults. CDTT can be performed safely and considered as an alternative method for use in many rehabilitation training programs with older adults who cannot perform simultaneous activities.
2021
Introduction: Although most falls involve multiple factors, causes of falling are often categorized into intrinsic (personal) and extrinsic (environmental) factors. The dual-task method, which requires participants to perform multiple tasks simultaneously, has been used to investigate the effects of cognitive tasks or additional motor task on postural control and vice versa. The perfect implementation of this intervention will give the evaluative report of functional capacity levels and safety limits in the social life of the elderly population. Objective: To test the effects of combined dual tasking with the dual components of cognition-motor and motor-motor administered in both regular and diversified environments using the outcome parameter Tinetti balance assessment tool (Balance & Gait). Methods: 192 subjects randomly selected into two groups (dual-tasking on even & uneven surfaces) were included for the study. Tinetti balance assessment tool was used in 3 sessions of training....
Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2021
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of single-task, dual-task and successive physical-cognitive training on fall risk, balance, and gait performances in elderly. Methods: A total of 45 healthy older adults (73.0±4.6 years; 6 male and 39 female) underwent one of three interventions 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Group-1 performed single-task balance and gait exercises. Group-2 performed cognitive activity, balance, and gait exercises simultaneously. Group-3 performed successive cognitive activities and balance and gait exercises. Gait speed under single-task and dual-task conditions, Berg Balance Scale, Timed up and Go test, and Tinetti's Falls Efficacy Scale scores were evaluated before and after 4 weeks of interventions. Results: Gait speed under single-task condition, Timed up and Go Test, and Berg Balance Scale scores were improved in all groups (p<0.05). Gait speed under dual-task condition was improved in Groups-2 and 3 (p<0.05). Group-3 had greater improvement in Berg Balance Scale and Timed up and Go test scores than Group-2. Tinetti's Falls Efficacy Scale was improved in Group-1 and 3 after training while the improvement was greater in Group-3 (p=0.001). Conclusion: The present study suggests that an intervention involving cognitive and physical activities results in greater improvement in gait speed than interventions involving physical activities alone. However, successive physical-cognitive training may be more effective in reducing fear of fall and improving balance skills in elderly.
Impact of Cognitive Training on Balance and Gait in Older Adults
The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2013
Cognitive processing plays an important role in balance and gait and is a contributing factor to falls in older adults. This relationship may be explained by the fact that higher order cognitive functions such as executive functions are called upon while walking. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a cognitive training intervention leads to significant improvements on measures of balance and gait.
European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 2007
Most balance training regimens for elderly individuals focus on self-controlled exercises, although automatic postural responses after a balance perturbation are not under direct volitional control. We critically review the literature on this topic, and notice that several studies fail to comply with basic principles of training and therefore show little improvement in function. Some present the view that physical function in the too frail and too fit cannot be improved, which we instead argue would be the effect of nonspecific training programs. We propose a concept for balance training that incorporates voluntary exercises as well as perturbation and dual-task exercises to improve balance control. The program is performed on five different levels where levels 1-4 exercises focus on the skill to maintain balance and level 5 adds perturbation exercises that focus on the skill to recover balance as well as dual task exercises providing a cognitive load during execution of a balance motor task. Functional requirements for muscle strength and power are directly incorporated into the program. The feasibility of the concept has been demonstrated on elderly fallers. A randomized control trial is underway to investigate the effects on healthy elderly individuals. Further intervention studies using this concept are encouraged.
Journal of physical therapy science, 2017
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of balance and computerized cognitive training on psychomotor performance in elderly females. [Subjects and Methods] Twentynine elderly females with the mean age of 63-71 years old were applied voluntarily and randomly allocated to four groups: balance training (3 d/wk for 12 wk), balance training with computerized cognitive training (3 d/wk for 12 wk), computerized cognitive training group and control group. Psychomotor performance of all subjects was measured by Vienna Test System which was a computerized psychological assessment tool. Determination test (DT) and Visual Pursuit Test (VPT) were used as indexes of psychomotor performance. [Results] The results suggested that DT and VPT were significantly improved in all experimental groups with greater improvement in the balance supplemented with computerized cognitive training group. [Conclusion] Balance training and computerized cognitive are highly recommended in elderly with the aim of increasing cognitive performance.
International Journal of Epidemiologic Research, 2019
Background and aims: The elderly living in nursing homes have different motor situations compared with their peers, which can affect different motor functions. Investigating the characteristics of balance has always been of interest to researchers due to its importance in the functional independence of the elderly. Thus, the present research aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive and sensorimotor exercises on the functional balance of the elderly. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed with the intragroup comparison design, as well as pre- and post-test measurement stages in Iran during 2017. A total of 60 elders were chosen through the convenience sampling method. Accordingly, the subjects were matched in four groups after performing the pretest with demographic, physical activity readiness, and Mini-Mental State Examination questionnaires and Tinetti test. Each group performed eight exercise situations lasting for 5-10 seconds by taking the overload principle i...
Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal, 2021
Background: Aging is the decline in efficiency of various physiological processes which is continuesand irreversible. The age related changes affect maintenance of balance control in steady state balance,reactive balance and anticipatory balance. The purpose of the study was to find out the effectiveness ofsingle task and dual task balance training in improving the quality of life among elderly with impairedbalance.Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of single and dual task training in improving the quality oflife of elderly with balance impairment and to compare the single and dual task balance training inelderly with impaired balanceStudy Design: Pre-post experimental study designMethod Thirty-four elderly adults with impaired balance were assigned into two groups, one groupunderwent single task training and other dual task training of about 4 weeks. Baseline measurementwere taken pre and post training by using TUG, BBS and SF-36.Results: Dual task training was more effective...
International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Multidisciplinary Physical Sciences, 2023
Objective: This study assessed the impact of combined motor and cognitive training on balance, fall risk, and functional mobility in older adults. Methods: A total of 60 participants aged 65 and older were randomly assigned to one of three groups: combined motor and cognitive training, motor training only, or cognitive training only. Each group underwent their respective training for 60 minutes, three times a week over 12 weeks. Balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), fall risk was measured by the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and functional mobility was evaluated with the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). Results: The combined training group demonstrated significant improvements in balance (BBS: baseline 42.5, post-intervention 47.8, p=0.035), reduced fall risk (TUG: baseline 15.3 seconds, post-intervention 12.8 seconds, p=0.042), and enhanced functional mobility (DGI: baseline 18.6, post-intervention 22.3, p=0.029) compared to the motor and cognitive training-only groups. The motor training group showed moderate improvements, while the cognitive training group exhibited minimal changes. Conclusion: Combined motor and cognitive training effectively improves balance, reduces fall risk, and enhances functional mobility in older adults. This integrated approach offers a more comprehensive strategy for managing balance impairments compared to single-task training.
Healthy older adults balance pattern under dual task conditions: exploring the strategy and trend
Health Promotion Perspectives, 2016
Background: In line with health promotion plans, early intervention and fall prevention in geriatric population, it is important to study healthy individuals balance mechanisms. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of adding and removing visual input and dual task on elderly balance. Methods: Twenty healthy elderly recruited from four different senior citizen health club centers and from the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR) participated in this analytic cross-sectional study. At USWR's Motor Control Laboratory, the participants' postural sway were assessed using force plate in 4 distinct double leg standing conditions with and without presence of visual input and Stroop dual task. Postural and Stroop variables were compared. Results: Findings indicated that when the elderly encountered with either dual task or absence of visual input, they can still manage the situation in a way that changes in sway parameter would not become significant. But, when these two conditions occurred simultaneously, the participant's balance strategy fluctuated. Therefore, the mean velocity showed a significant difference between the "single quiet standing" condition and the condition of standing with eyes closed while the participants were answering Stroop dual task (Mean difference =-0.007, 95% CI =-0.012,-0.002). Conclusion: It appears that velocity parameter is sensitive to small changes, so it is recommended that researchers include this parameter in their future analyses. Balance in elderly can be manipulated by dual task and visual input deprivation.