AN OVERVIEW ON PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY—A CASE STUDY (original) (raw)
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2010
Safe, adequate and consistence water supply is the basic needs, and essential for the socioeconomic development of a given society. However, majority of the people in the Woreda rural settings still didn’t access potable, sufficient and sustainable water supply. The major causes are poor performance of developed water supply schemes and limitation in the development of new and appropriate water supply schemes. Objectives of this study is to assess the relative performance of different rural water supply schemes by assessing the main factors related to community, financial, technical, institutional and environmental in the water supply systems and comparing the main factors and indicators of the performance of rural water supply handpump scheme. A three-stage procedure with both probability and non-probability sampling techniques was used to identify sampled water supply schemes and household respondents in Debatie Woreda. Six water points and 96 HHs were selected purposively and randomly respectively. Cross-sectional design with descriptive analysis was applied using different data collection methods in March 2010. Data were collected through household survey, 6-focus group discussion, key informant interview and personal observation. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and used to analyze. The study found that per capita water consumption in a day on the average is 9.6 litters less than 20 litters (minimum standard set by WHO) of potable water. Poor community participation in the stage of planning, low level of women participation, weak performance of water committee and weak sense of ownership from the community. Inadequate financial contribution for O&M, poor baseline survey for scheme type selection, unavailability of spare parts, poor construction quality, lack of trained technician and weak institutional support are the main factors for the poor performance of water supply handpump schemes. The major water supply schemes used by the community are HDW&SW fitted with handpumps. It was observed that50%of HDW&66%of SW had failed and the functional schemes are providing with interruption. HDW failed due to depth, water quality and users operation and management problems while the failure of SW was mainly due to pump failure and difficulty to operate and manage at community level. The study revealed that HDW are easy to maintain and use, low cost, more participatory and only possible in soft ground formation but poor water quality, inadequacy and seasonality of water supply while SW provide the service adequately & quality water supply but difficult to operate and maintain at community level. The study recommend that the involvement of the community in all level of water supply development and management, adequate external support for O&M, putting in place trained technician, available spare parts, conduct baseline study to select appropriate water supply schemes and construct properly the schemes. Develop SW at populated villages, in all ground formation provided that trained technician and spare part availability are ensured and develop HDW at small villages with soft ground formation and excavate/drill properly at depth to avoid seasonal fluctuation of water from the wells to ensure the better performance of water supply handpump schemes in the rural settings of Debatie Woreda.
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Clean water scarcity is among the crucial issues for inhabitants at Cikakaban Village, Tasikmalaya City. The complexity of the geological and hydrogeological conditions around Cikakaban Village makes groundwater exploration quite difficult. Regionally, Cikakaban Village has low aquifer productivity and is located at the contact of two formations which are passed by a fault. Therefore, a multi-method approach should be used in water sources exploration to obtain comprehensive results. In this paper, we presented the preliminary results which consist of the detailed geological and hydrogeological conditions of Cikakaban Village and its surroundings based on direct field observations. These observations aim to know the lithology that composes the research area and its characteristics, the potential of aquifers and water resources around the research area, as well as an overview of the distribution of groundwater depth and its flow direction. Geological survey includes observation of ou...
E3S Web of Conferences, 2021
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ijrst.com
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