Depression in quarantined patients during the COVID-19 pandemic (original) (raw)
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Biomed, 2022
Background: Recent studies have highlighted the relationship between EDs and COVID-19 and have shown how the change in daily dynamics and lifestyle together with the forced isolation regime have worked as psychopathological risk factors. Prolonged isolation, as an effect of the lockdown, has generated anxieties and fears related to the loss of control, increasing food restrictions. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on symptoms, body image and the relationship between the onset of symptoms and the second block of the pandemic period. Methods: A total of 14 female patients (mean age = 18.71; SD = 5.59) with anorexia nervosa in treatment before the COVID-19 outbreak contributed to this study. The evaluation included the EDI-3, BUT and Disgust Scale-R questionnaires for general psychopathology, personality and ED severity indexes. Results: A total of 30% of patients reported increased symptoms during lockdown, and 88.2% passed the clinical cutoff on the general psychological maladaptation scale (EDI-3-GPMC > 26p), showing widespread dissatisfaction with body image and increased diet-related stress. Conclusions: Preliminary data on these specific vulnerability factors combined with stressful situationsin our case, the isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic-can help in the design of personalized preventive and therapeutic approaches.
Eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: scoping review of psychosocial impact
Middle East Current Psychiatry
Background The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 drastically changed the daily lives of the entire population. Despite being efficient in helping to avoid deaths and prevent the collapse of the healthcare system, social distancing can lead to unfavorable outcomes in the physical and mental health of the population, in particular, those diagnosed with eating disorders. This scope review aimed to analyze the scientific production on the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with eating disorders, in the subtypes anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Method This is a scope review, based on a rigorous method based on the PRISMA strategy. The indexed databases PubMed, LILACS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SciELO, CINHAL, and Embase were consulted. After screening 387 records, 19 studies were included in the review. Results The results were subdivided into four thematic categories: (1) repercussions of confinement on daily life, in which the impacts of social distancing...
Bulimia nervosa in times of the COVID‐19 pandemic—Results from an online survey of former inpatients
European Eating Disorders Review, 2020
ObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic might pose special challenges to patients with eating disorders (EDs) by interfering with daily routines. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the current pandemic on patients with bulimia nervosa (BN).MethodsFifty‐five former inpatients with BN completed an online survey on psychological consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as on changes in health care utilisation and on the use and helpfulness of different coping strategies.ResultsAlmost half of patients (49%) reported a deterioration of their ED symptomatology and 62% reported a reduced quality of life. The frequency of binge eating increased in 47% of patients and self‐induced vomiting in 36%. Forty‐six percent of patients stated a noticeable impairment of psychotherapy. Face‐to‐face psychotherapy decreased by 56% but videoconferencing therapy was only used by 22% of patients. Enjoyable activities, virtual social contacts with friends and mild physical activities were rat...
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on a cohort of eating disorders patients
Journal of Eating Disorders, 2020
Background Lockdown implemented to prevent the COVID-19 spread resulted in marked changes in the lifestyle. The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of lockdown measures on a cohort of eating disorder (ED) patients being followed as part of an ongoing naturalistic treatment study. Methods Ninety-nine patients aged 18 or older, currently or previously, in treatment at a Portuguese specialized hospital unit were contacted by phone and invited to participate in the current survey. Fifty-nine agreed to be interviewed by phone, and 43 agreed to respond to a set of self-report measures of ED symptoms, emotion regulation difficulties, clinical impairment, negative urgency, and COVID-19 impact, during the week after the end of the lockdown period. Results Data showed that of the 26 patients currently in treatment: 8 remained unchanged (31%), 7 deteriorated (27%), and 11 reliably improved (42%). Of the 17 participants not currently in treatment: 3 deteriorated (18%), 9 rem...
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity
Purpose To explore the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression, along with PTSD-and ED-related symptoms, across a sample of patients with Eating Disorders (EDs) compared to a group of healthy controls (HC) during the lockdown period in Italy; to assess whether patients' reported aforementioned psychiatric symptoms improved, remained stable or worsened with the easing of the lockdown measures. Methods t0 assessment (during lockdown): 59 ED patients and 43 HC completed an online survey, including the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and specific ad-hoc questions extracted from the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire; t1 assessment (postlockdown): 40 EDs patients, a subset of the t0 sample, completed the same assessment 2 months after t0. Results EDs patients scored higher than HC at the DASS-21, IES-R and PSS. At t1, levels of stress, anxiety and depression were not different than at t0, but symptoms related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), patients' reported level of psychological wellbeing and specific EDs symptomatology improved. Discussion During the lockdown, EDs patients presented significantly higher levels of stress, anxiety, depression, PTSDand ED-related symptoms than HC. With the easing of the lockdown, PTSD-and ED-related symptoms improved, but high levels of stress, anxiety and depression persisted. Level of evidence Level I, experimental study.
Due to the spread of COVID 2019, the Italian government imposed a lockdown on the national territory. Initially, citizens were required to stay at home and not to mix with others outside of their household (Phase 1); eventually, some of these restrictions were lifted (Phase 2). To investigate the impact of lockdown on emotional and binge eating, an online survey was conducted to compare measures of self-reported physical (BMI), psychological (Alexithymia), affective (anxiety, stress, and depression) and social (income, workload) state during Phase 1 and Phase 2. Data from 365 Italian residents showed that increased emotional eating was predicted by higher depression, anxiety, quality of personal relationships, and quality of life, while the increase of bingeing was predicted by higher stress. Moreover, we showed that higher alexithymia scores were associated by increased emotional eating and higher BMI scores were associated with both increased emotional eating and binge eating. Fin...
European Psychiatry, 2021
IntroductionThe COVID-19 epidemic that spread in Italy in the early 2020, together with the general lockdown, are high-risk events for vulnerable populations who need high levels of assistance, such as patients with eating disorders (EDs).ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic and lockdown on subjects suffering from EDs, considering previous vulnerabilities.Methods74 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) already on treatment and 97 healthy controls were evaluated between November 2019/January 2020 (T1), and again in April 2020, 6 weeks after the start of lockdown (T2). Patients were also evaluated at baseline (T0). At each assessment, general and ED psychopathology (SCL-90-R and EDE-Q) were assessed. Childhood abuse experiences (CTQ) and adult attachment (ECR-R) were investigated at T1, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (IES-R) at T2.ResultsPatients reported a significant increase in compensatory exercise; in addition, patients with BN and t...
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity
Purpose This study aimed to explore the early associations between the experienced psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis during lockdown, depressive symptomatology, anxiety/stress levels, and disordered eating behaviors in adults during a first COVID-19 lockdown period. Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study assessing 254 Portuguese adults (82.7% women; 35.82 ± 11.82 years) 1 week after the end of the first mandatory COVID-19 lockdown in Portugal. An online survey was conducted to evaluate psychological distress, disordered eating, and psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pearson correlations and Structural Equation Modeling were performed. Results Participants reported the presence of meal skipping (52.8%), grazing eating behavior (80.9%), overeating (81.0%), loss of control over eating (47.2%), and binge eating episodes (39.2%) during lockdown. Structural equation modeling analyses, controlling for age and sex, indicated that there was a significant indirect effect of the experienced psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on disordered eating behaviors mediated through psychological distress. Conclusion The psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis may lead to disordered eating, and this relation may occur through the elevation of psychological distress. These findings can be used to inform interventions, to enhance mental health and manage disordered eating during similar future situations.
Periodic Binge Eating Disorder During the Social Isolation Due to Covid 19 Pandemics
iMedPub, 2020
Aim: Eating behavior characterized by eating a large amount of food in a limited period of time (up to two hours), accompanied by a feeling of loss of control over what or how much is eaten, is known as Binge Eating Disorder (BED). In December 2019, in the Chinese province of Wuhan, a new type of coronavirus was identified in patients, characterized by atypical pneumonia consisting of fever, dry cough and progressive dyspnea. This coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has spread rapidly around the world, leading to a high-impact pandemic worldwide. With this, social isolation was implemented as a way to contain the transmission of the disease. Objective: To assess binge eating during the social isolation due to COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study with healthy individuals, without previous diagnosis of Binge Eating Disorder, of both sexes, who are fulfilling social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, reporting that they are working or studying within their houses. To collect data on binge eating episodes, the BES-Binge Eating Scale, which is a widely used instrument, was used and developed to assess the severity of Periodic Binge Eating (BED) in obese individuals. It provides the result in three categories: severe BED (score>27), moderate BED (score between 18 and 26) and absence of BED (score<17). It is not a diagnostic tool, but a method of assessing the severity of impaired eating behavior. The questionnaire was previously approved by the Ethics and Research Committee and was made available for a period of one month, during the pandemic by COVID-19, where social isolation was considered a measure of recommendation by the Ministry of Health in Brazil. In addition, data such as gender, age, weight and height were also extracted from the volunteers. 500 volunteers participated in the study, aged between 18 and 50 years old, 70 men and 430 women. Results: From the BES questionnaire, the results showed that 22.8% of the volunteers were classified with BED, 64.7% being moderate and 35.3% severe. Conclusion: The results showed that social isolation can have an important impact on compulsive eating disorders.
2020
Objective: This study aims to explore associations between disordered eating behaviors in adults during the COVID-19 lockdown period, and the experienced psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, depressive symptomatology, anxiety/stress levels.Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study assessing 254 Portuguese adults (82.7% women; 35.82 ±11.82 years) one week after the end of the mandatory COVID-19 lockdown in Portugal. An online survey was conducted to evaluate psychological distress, disordered eating, and psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pearson correlations and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were performed.Results: Participants reported the presence of meal skipping (52.8%), grazing eating behavior (80.9%), overeating (81.0%), loss of control over eating (47.2%), and binge eating episodes (39.2%) during lockdown. Uncontrolled and emotional eating were significantly correlated with the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic, depression, anx...