A Review Article on Atherosclerosis (original) (raw)

The reduction of infectious diseases that affect children and young adults is largely responsible for rise in life expectancy. Our population is ageing, and chronic infectious diseases, particularly those of the cardiovascular system, are becoming increasingly prevalent. Arteriosclerosis causes an artery to stiffen. The three recognised lesions are atherosclerosis, Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis, and arteriolosclerosis, and each has a unique origin, clinical course, and pathological effects. The most common cause of death is arteriosclerosis. Many studies have been done to identify and measure the risk factors for this disease. In essence, many of these studies have advanced our knowledge of the causes of arteriosclerosis, including high-cholesterol diets, hypertension, smoking, and inactivity. In addition to genetic dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, environmental risk factors like diet, smoking, stress, and a sedentary lifestyle can affect the development of atherosclerosis. Protective factors associated with parasite infestations and environmental disorders may also have an impact. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is now more prevalent throughout the world. Limited pain-free walking distance (intermittent claudication) or tissue ulceration are two signs that PAD should be treated. Endovascular therapy has replaced open surgical surgery as the preferred type of treatment in many arterial regions because it is less intrusive. There is still no mention of treating the common femoral artery (CFA) in this. It is widely established that the presence of obstructive coronary lesions like angina or myocardial infarction is clinically correlated with the blood level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.