A Preliminary Study of Water Quality Index in Terengganu River Basin, Malaysia (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Journal of Engineering & Technology
This study is aimed to look at the level of water quality deterioration in Terengganu River Basin. Environmental management studies on the deterioration of water quality in Terengganu River Basin have been using data collection and analysis methods. The Gravimetric method was used to analysis the TSS measured in mg/L. 250 ml water samples was needed for each study area (each station). All preparation and preservation of the samples are in accordance with standard procedures provided by the American Public Health Society (APHA) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The results show that Terengganu River Basin is classified in level III that is contaminated. The Terengganu River Basin is contaminated at the downstream to the middle of the river due to anthropogenic activity. Moreover, the results indicate that the amount of AN and TSS is higher and is a major contributor to the deterioration of water quality in the Terengganu River Basin. Management of water resou...
International Journal of Engineering & Technology
Terengganu River Basin is situated in the north eastern coastal region of Peninsular Malaysia. 29 sampling stations were selected. The water quality parameters were measured such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC). Results showed that the range of DO (2.11 mg/L – 8.07 mg/L), TSS (0.4 mg/L – 128.2 mg/L) and SSC (0.07 mg/L – 25.6 mg/L). The distribution of land use and land cover activities effected to the level of water quality in watersheds. The analyses of variance (ANOVA) was applied and provide a better understanding for the complex relationships among water quality parameters. Graphical data helps a better view of the overall analysis to appoint sources of pollutants to their effect. Terengganu River Basin is a shallow and has a sensitive ecosystem that responds to the land use changes and development activities of its surroundings. Water quality analysis showed that TSS and SSC were higher in the dry season but DO w...
Assessment of water quality conditions in the Upper Johor River Basin
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
The water quality data from 2 sampling stations in the Upper Johor River Basin (Upper Johor River and Sayong River) were analysed to evaluate the water quality conditions. The variation in water quality parameters between base and storm flow events were compared to identify the pollutant sources. The results indicated that Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) was the main cause for non-point source pollution of the study area. The overall water quality conditions were good in terms of dissolved oxygen and total nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphorus). The dominant sources of BOD could be from the fertiliser timing and application. Different from BOD, the majority of the water quality samples were from baseflow events for dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The major differences between four water quality parameters are failing septic system, oil palm mills, wastewater treatment plants and domestic waste. The results from this research would provide useful information for t...
Monitoring of river and marine water quality at Sarawak baseline
Environmental Forensics
The water quality for the shorelines of Kuching, Samarahan, and Betong divisions was assessed based on the primary and secondary data which was then compared to the National Water Quality Standards and Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standards for Malaysia. The Water Quality Index (WQI) and Marine Water Quality Index (MWQI) were generated where applicable. The results reveal that the baseline river monitoring locations portrayed slight pollution with WQI ranging from 60 to 80 except for Sg. Seblak station with polluted water quality, registering WQI of 42. Most of the baseline marine water monitoring stations recorded excellent to moderate MWQI apart from Btg. Samarahan and Sg. Sarawak stations with MWQI of 40, which might be due to the urban population of the Kuching city and Samarahan area. Moreover, MWQI of 48 was recorded at the estuary of Sg. Tabo and Sg. Buntal. The primary data revealed that the marine water samples had a dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration between 4.58 and 6.88 mg/L. The heavy metal ions and oil and grease parameters were below the detection limit. Hence, no industrial-related effluent was detected at the estuary and coastal waters along the shoreline of Kuching, Samarahan, and Betong. The present study concluded that the main pollutants along the shoreline of Kuching, Samarahan, and Betong include ammoniacal nitrogen (NH 3-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO 3-N), and phosphate (PO 4). The high levels of NH 3-N, NO 3 , and PO 4 are attributed to the wastewater discharges originating from coastal settlements and commercial establishments, nutrient runoffs from large-scale agricultural activities, and aquaculture activities. In contrast, the secondary data revealed the presence of faecal pollution originating from untreated or partially treated sewage and sullage discharged by coastal settlements and commercial establishments.
Water Quality Assessment of the Semenyih River, Selangor, Malaysia
Journal of Chemistry, 2013
This study was carried out to determine the Semenyih River water quality based on the physicochemical and biological parameters. The sampling was conducted in dry and rainy seasons during 2012. Water samples were collected from 8 stations along the river and analyzed using standard methods. The results showed that temperature, pH, conductivity, TDS, SO 4 , and TH were classified as class I, while DO, turbidity, and BOD were categorized under class II, and NH 3 -N, TSS, COD, and OG were categorized as class III based on NWQS, Malaysia. Moreover, NO 3 was classified under class IV, while PO 4 and FC were categorized as class V and exceeded the allowable threshold levels. Therefore, the river was slightly polluted with NH 3 -N, TSS, COD, and NO 3 , whereas it is extremely contaminated with PO 4 and FC. Furthermore, cluster analysis classified 8 sampling stations into three clusters based on similarities of water quality features. Furthermore, factor analysis of the water quality datasets generated three factors with total variance of 94.05% and pointed out that water quality deterioration in the river was associated with industrial and agricultural activities, livestock farming, and erosion. Therefore, the river water can be used for irrigation with precaution but extensive treatment needed before using for domestic purposes.
2018
Rivers and lakes are primary sources of water for towns and villages. However, the quality of these water bodies is currently deteriorating due to urbanization, industrialization, farming, and other anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted within January 25 th to November 26 th 2017at designated points at Pantai River, Anak Air Batu River, and Varsity Lake, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where the physic-chemical and biological characteristics were determined in order to increase the statistical basis of these regions. In the physic-chemical evaluation of the water samples, diverse parameters were measured, such as the pH, turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solids (SS), ammonia, phosphate and nitrate attention, and biology. These parameters were compared with the Water Quality Index (WQI) standards of water quality. Overall, the result showed that the DO, BOD, COD, and SS fall within cla...
2017
Statistical comparison has been performed for Terengganu and Kinta River Basins in terms of surface water pollution status using some selected physicochemical parameters. Surface water quality data were collected from Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia and subjected to logarithm transformation (log-scaling), column auto scaling and z-standardization to eliminate the effects of measurement units. Results revealed that pH value is higher in Terengganu River Basin compared to Kinta River Basin. Two-way analysis of variance (2-way ANOVA) showed spatial and temporal statistical significant differences (p<0.05). Hierarchical Agglomerated Cluster Analysis (HACA) revealed two major statistical clusters of water quality monitoring group. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) showed higher value in Terengganu than Kinta River Basins while ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) revealed higher value in Kinta compared to Terengganu River Basins. The present study, however, makes several noteworthy contributions to the existing knowledge on spatial and temporal variations of surface water quality and is believed to serve as a baseline data for further studies in surface water pollution.
Water Quality Status and Hydrological Analysis at Upper Dong River, Malaysia
Water quality can be affected by various aspects of either natural or physical changes in the area. This article discusses the effects of water quantity and quality in the upper area of Upper Dong natural forest reserved at Dong River, Raub Pahang, Malaysia. Data observations were made from 16 to 21 November 2009. Five sampling stations were selected along 2.4 km encompassed the upstream and downstream of the river. Overall, the water quality status as stated in INQWS is categorized as Class I. Statistical analyses show that water quality parameters were changed significantly along the river reach. Towards downstream, the water quality became more deteriorated followed by reduction on flow velocity. Statistical values for temperature and distance between station from upstream to downstream is R2= 0.989, R2 = 0.882 for TDS, R2= 0.946 for Conductivity and R2= 0.803 for Do (mg/l). Natural factors such as flow velocity, water quantity and land use changes from natural forest to village ...
Trend Of Water Quality Status In Kelantan River Downstream, Peninsular Malaysia
Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS-Unand), 2020
The issues of freshwater pollutions and the high demand of clean freshwater for daily human activities have forced developing countries such as Malaysia to continuously monitor the quality of the freshwater. The present study objective is to present the trend of water quality status in the Kelantan River downstream, Peninsular Malaysia from 2005 to 2018. Water samples were collected during dry and monsoon seasons from a sampling station located at downstream of the Kelantan River. Water quality parameters such as temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured in situ while other parameters were analysed in the laboratory based on retrieved water samples. Water quality status was determined based on National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) for River in Malaysia by calculating the water quality index (WQI) according to the concentration of six water quality parameters involving pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended s...
Water quality index: an indicator of surface water pollution in eastern part of Peninsular Malaysia
Water quality deterioration in eastern part of peninsular Malaysia especially in Gebeng is the impact of anthropogenic activities due to rapid industrialization. This area is of particular importance in the study of surface water quality because; industrial and municipal wastes, agricultural and runoff from developing areas were mixing with river flow and surrounding water body thereby deteriorating the quality. The aim of the study was to assess the WQI in order to evaluate the water quality of the area for public use, irrigation and other purposes. To fulfill the objectives 240 water samples were collected for 12 months and comprehensive physico-chemical analysis was done using APHA and HACH standard methods of analysis. The WQI was calculated using DOE-WQI based on the concentration of DO, BOD, COD, SS, pH and NH 3-N. Results showed the sequence of monitoring stations I4< I3< I2< B2< B3< I1< U1< B1< S2< S1based on WQI value; where the first 8 stations (river part) were categorized as class IV (highly polluted) and the last 2 were classified as class III (polluted). The lowest WQI value was 35.37 and the highest value was 57.53. It was mainly because of low concentration of DO and high concentration of BOD, COD and NH 3-N due to the industrial activities. The results indicated that the surface water of the areas was highly polluted and according to the INWQS, Malaysia water of the area cannot be used except irrigation.