Fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of corn silage intercropped with soybean under different crop combination ratios (original) (raw)
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Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 2019
Forage seasonality makes farmers use conservation practices. Mixing corn silage and legumes can enhance silage quality and hence animal productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate yield and quality of silages from intercropping between genetically modified corn and soybean for glyphosate tolerance (RR - Roundup Ready) as a function of plant spatial arrangement, soybean variety, and sowing fertilization methods. Two intercropping arrangements of RR corn and RR soybeans were tested: alternate single rows of corn and soybeans and double corn rows for each soybean row. Treatments were randomized blocks with four replications, arranged in a 2x2+1 factorial scheme. The first factor was sowing fertilization method (2): only in corn rows or in total area. The second factor was soybean variety (2): medium- and late-cycle genotypes, and an additional treatment of corn monoculture. After harvest, forage material was analyzed for agronomic characteristics and then ensiled for 60 days....
Fermentative profile and nutritive value of corn silage with Tamani guinea grass
Semina: Ciências Agrárias
The use of silage has been an efficient alternative to feed supply during the shortage of roughage in dry periods, providing quality feed that is widely used in ruminant feeding. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentative characteristics and nutritive value of corn silage with Tamani guinea grass (Panicum maximum BRS cv. Tamani) through chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility and protein fractionation. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of five silages: corn; corn with 10% Tamani guinea grass; corn with 20% Tamani guinea grass; corn with 30% Tamani guinea grass; and corn with 40% Tamani guinea grass, totalling 20 experimental silos. The addition of tamani grass to silages was determined based on fresh matter. For ensiling, corn was harvested with 320 g kg-1 DM (dry matter) and Tamani guinea grass in a 30-day development cycle with 286 g kg-1 DM. After 50 days of silag...
Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2015
Limited information on nutrient composition and in vitro digestibility of corn-soybean intercropped silage is available. The objective of this study was to compare corn (Zea mays L.) or soybean (Glycine max L. Yesilsoy) monocrop silage with corn-soybean intercropped silages in term of yield, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility. Intercropping was as follows: 1 row corn to 1 row soybean (1M1S), 1 row corn to 2 rows soybean (1M2S) and 2 rows corn to 1 row soybean (2M1S). The crops were harvested when the corn reached 3/5 or 1/4 milk line. The silage samples were analysed for pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus. Also, in vitro true (IVTD) and in vitro NDF (IVNFD) digestibilities were determined in the silages samples. The DM, EE, calculated non structural carbohydrate values were higher in silage harvested at 1/4 than 3/5 milk line. All intercropped silages had higher CP values (1M1S, 8.3%; 1M2S, 10.1%; 2M1S, 8.0%) than the monocrop corn (SM, 6.8%) silage. The NDF and ADF levels were higher for 1M1S, 2M1S and SM compared with 1M2S and monocrop soybean (SS) silage. In vitro true DM digestibility of all silages increased with maturity stage; it was higher for the 1M2S than other silages. It is concluded that corn-soybean intercropped silage has better nutrient composition and digestibility than SM or SS silage.
The objective of this study was to determine nutrients and ruminal digestibility of silages from baby corn by-products. The experiment was assigned in Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were silages under different harvesting method including baby corn stalks cut at 10, 40 and 70 cm height above ground, baby corn husk with and without silk. After 30 d ensiling, the silage samples were collected and analyzed for nutrients while ruminal digestibility was determined using Batch culture for 24 h incubation. Ruminal gas production was estimated in glass syringe for 24 h. The results showed that increasing in cutting height from 10 to 70 cm improved nutrients of silage by decreasing (P<0.05) ADF (39.73 vs. 43.22%DM), NDF (67.50 vs. 70.70%DM) and increasing (P<0.05) crude protein (11.60 vs. 10.16%DM), dry matter digestibility (40.13 vs. 37.25%), organic matter digestibility (36.79 vs. 33.16%), NDF digestibility (46.18 and 41.92%). The husk with silk silage had higher (P<0.05) crude protein (12.35 vs. 8.75%DM), NDF digestibility (53.87 and 46.52%) and lower (P<0.05) ADF (38.78 vs. 40.88%DM), and methane gas production (7.75 vs. 10.75 ml/200mg) than those husk without silk silage but had similar (P>0.05) NDF (72.38 and 71.93%DM), dry matter digestibility (44.79 and 45.25%DM), organic matter digestibility (42.26 and 43.36%). The methane gas production was the highest in the husk without silk silage whereas silages from different cutting stalks and silage from husk with silk produced a similar amount of the methane gas (7.25-8.0 ml/200mg; P>0.05). In conclusion, increase the stalk cutting height to 70 cm improved the silage quality by increasing nutrients and ruminal digestibility. Silage from baby corn husk with silk had higher nutrients and ruminal digestibility than baby corn stalk silages. Lowering dry matter loss of silage from baby corn husk with silk by reducing moisture prior to ensiling requires further investigation.
Nutritional additives in high moisture corn silage
Agrária, 2017
Because of the high total digestible nutrient and dry matter (DM) digestibility contents , high moisture silage may be an alternative to maximize animal performance. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, ruminal degradability and aerobic stability of high moisture corn silage (pure corn grain silage and soybean-, sunflower-or urea-enriched silages). Plastic barrels with capacity of 200 kg were used as experimental silos, which remained closed for nine months. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. After opening the silos, the chemical-bromatological composition and the quality of silages were determined. The addition of soybean or sunflower increased the crude protein content (CP) in 48.2% on average, and the neutral detergent fiber content in 60%, but decreased the starch content when compared to pure high moisture corn silage. Moreover, additions decreased the effective DM and CP degradability. Addition of urea decreased by 30% DM losses and improved the chemical composition and aerobic stability of the silage. In general, additives improved the chemical composition without affecting the silage conservation quality.
EFFECT OF GRAIN CONTENT IN CORN HYBRIDS ON NUTRITIVE VALUE OF WHOLE PLANT CORN SILAGE
Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeds, 2004
Three commercial corn hybrids were used to study the effect of their grain content on the nutritive value of whole plant corn silage. Hybrids were harvested at dough stage of maturity, chopped and ensiled in plastic bags for eight weeks. Nutrients digestibility coefficients and nutritive values of corn silage were determined using barki rams. The yield of whole plant corn forage, silage, ear, grain and leaves crops per feddan increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing grain content. The yield of stover and stalks were not significantly (P>0.05%) affected by grain content in the hybrids. The relative contents of ear and grain increased, but stover and stalks decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing grain content. The percentage of ensiling weight losses decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing grain content. The contents of DM, OM and NFE of whole corn plant forage and silage crops increased, but the contents of CP, CF, EE and ash decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing grain content. However, ensiling decreased the contents of DM, OM and NFE and increased the contents of CP, CF, EE and ash. In respect of silage quality, the concentrations of lactic, propionic and valeric acids increased, but the concentrations of TVFA's, acetic, isobutyric, butyric acids and ammonia-N decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing grain content of corn silage. The pH value and the concentrations of total organic and isovaleric acids were not significantly affected by grain content (P>0.05). Whole corn plant silage DM intake by rams and the digestibilities of DM, OM and NFE and subsequently TDN and DE values increased, but the digestibilities of CP and CF and subsequently DCP value decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing grain content of corn silage. The digestibility of EE WAS not significantly affected by grain content (P>0.05). The production of TDN, DE and DCP per feddan along with the output of silage yield and economic efficiency increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing grain content of corn silage. Also, the output per feddan was doubled by 1.18 to 1.36 when corn crop used as silage compared with grain. In addition, the corn crop can be harvested early to clear the land for fall plowing or for second cropping. These results suggest that the optimum level of grain in whole corn plant silage is at least 35% of the DM.
Quality of silage produced from intercropped corn RR and soybeans RR
Bioscience Journal, 2019
The objective of this study was to produce silage from intercropped RR glyphosate tolerant corn (RR-Roundup Ready) and RR soybeans under Brazilian Cerrado conditions. The research was carried out in off-season between February and June 2015, in Rio Verde, Goiás (Brazil). In the experimental period the rainfall was 865 mm and the average temperature of 23.7°C. Two trials were performed. The first had corn rows spaced in 1 m with a row of soybeans in the interrow. The second had double corn rows interspersed with one row of soybeans, all spaced in 0.50 m. In both trials, we used a randomized block design, in a 2x2+3 factorial scheme, with four replications. Primary factor consisted of two types of pre-sowing fertilization: one only in corn rows and the other over the total area. The secondary factor corresponded to two soybean varieties: medium and late cycle variety. In addition, three control treatments were made: one of corn and two of soybeans. The corn cutoff point was at the hard farinaceous stage when the milk line reaches half the grain, and in the sole crop soybean at the R5.5 final phase of grain filling. Silage was stored in PVC experimental silos for 60 days. The intercropped treatments, in both spatial arrangements, promoted increases in neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents. Soybean monoculture presented high values of crude protein and ethereal extract. There were higher effluent losses in medium-cycle soybean variety silage when it was grown in single cropping. However, the lowest effluent losses were recorded for silages of medium-cycle soybean intercropped under a double row pre-sowing corn fertilization system. The soybeans mixed silages produced together with corn under off-season conditions did not yield satisfactory results.
2015
The objective was to study the corn silage with addition of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% glycerin, ensiled in experimental silos of PVC. At the opening of the silos there were evaluated the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) and cell wall (IVDCW) and aerobic stability through measures of temperature and pH of silage at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. In situ degradability of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of silages were evaluated in fistulated cattle using samples incubated at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized design and statistical analyzes were performed using Bayesian inference. Increases were observed in DM, mineral matter (MM), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and reductions for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) as the inclusion of glycerin was higher. The content of total digestible nutrients (TDN) estimated in ...
Indian Journal of Animal Research, Volume 58 Issue 9: 1593-1598 (September 2024)
Background: This study was carried out to determine silage quality, nutrient content, relative feed value (RFV), fermentation parameters and Fleig scores of sweet maize [Zea mays (L.) saccharata Sturt.] without the cob ensiled with urea or molasses. Methods: Plant parts remaining from the sweet maize whose cobs were harvested were ensiled with the addition of 1% urea and 5-10% molasses. In the liquid samples collected from the silages, pH values, ammonia nitrogen (NH 3-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were measured and the silage samples were subjected to crude nutrient analyses, RFV and Fleig score determination. Result: Significant differences were found among the groups in terms of their dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) values. The difference between silage groups was significant in terms of NH 3 and VFA values. In the analyses of Fleig scores, physical parameters and RFV results, the groups were found significantly different except for Fleig scores. In parallel with the increase in the concentration of urea used in the silage groups, there were reductions in Fleig scores, physical parameters and RFV values, while their CP levels increased. The molasses that was added to the silages led to a reduction in their silage pH, NH 3-N and butyric acid (BA) values and an increase in their lactic acid (LA) values. It was concluded that the additives used in this study contributed positively to the quality of the silages, all silages with additives were quality silages and they could be used as an alternative quality roughage resource in feeding ruminants.