Effect of seeding ratio and time of planting of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) intercropping with maize (Zea mays) on agronomic parameters, forage biomass and grain yield of maize (original) (raw)
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Forage Production Potential of Maize -Cowpea Intercropping in Maichew -Southern Tigray, Ethiopia
Juniper Publishers Inc., , 2018
Needless to mention the ever increasing pressure on cultivated land for food & commercial crops, diminishing the area for forage production. RCBD five treatments with three replications experiment compared maize grown as sole crop with maizecowpea intercropped to assess agronomic, nutritional and economic returns of forage production. Average plant performance ranged 122.85-174.19cm maize plant height; 20.7-26.4cm ear length, & number of leaves/maize plant was 9.13-10.52. The effect of intercropping treatments on maize forage yield was significant (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference in grain yield among the cropping systems though T5 yielded higher and higher 100 maize grains weight followed by T4 yield and 21.74g average 100 maize grain weight; T3 (3.05ton/ha) and 21.84g average 100 maize seeds and the least in yield was actually the sole maize T2 (2.24ton/ha), confirming that intercropping has at least, some scenario better than sole cropping practices. There was no significant soil NPK effect pre-sowing and postharvest. Nutritionally, feed quality of maize parts was significant difference among the intercropping systems that stated in their descending value of cowpea hay, as follows: NDF (T3>T1>T5>T4); ADF (T1>T5>T3>T4) and typical in CP. lignin content (T1>T5>T4>T3), while IVDMD% (T3>T4>T5>T1). NDF content was significantly higher in maize stem and least in grain. Maize husk significantly over dominated in ADF content than stem, leaf and grain in descending order. ADF content was great significant in the entire parts that maize husk has higher than stem which exceeds leaf. Grain was the least in ADF content of all maize parts. Similarly, maize stem was significantly higher in lignin than husk, leaf and grain. LER was 1.45 in the mixtures indicating yield advantage over sole crops. T4 has the potential for enhancing cowpea and maize performances. Favourable seasons for better DM yield and chemical composition of both crops should be researched.
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2019
Soil depletion and degradation as well as climate variability are responsible for the decrease in agricultural yields and the poverty of the rural population in northern Côte d'Ivoire.The present study was conducted in a participatory manner with two (2) food producer group s from the villages of Kolokaha and Sohouo (Korhogo Department) to determine the density of semi cowpea seeding that maximizes the growth and yield of maize.In this perspective, three densities of cowpea tested in this system of association with pure maize culture during two growing seasons with two improved maize varieties and a local variety.This is the T0 treatment: pure corn culture; T1_SNL: corn + semi-cowpea in interbedded line; T2_SNLDI: corn + semicowpea in double line; T3_SNQ: corn + semi-cowpea staggered.The results show that improved varieties of maize produce more and grow faster than the local variety. At each of two study sites, there was no marked effect of cowpea seeding density on plant height and grain yield per unit area.Although the thre e association modalities are efficient, SNL and SNLDI association models, which are confirmed as the most competitive, can preferably be recommended in a rural environment. However, the study of the use of cowpea with corn could be considered to allow a better use of the soil resources and consequently an improvement of the productivity of the associated crops.
Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj, 2009
Mixtures of cereals and legumes are used extensively for forage production. Maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) monocultures as well as their mixture in three planting patterns (M 1 : alternate-row intercrop, M 2 : within-row intercrop, M 3 : mixed intercrop) were used to investigate on forage yield as well as the effect of intercropping on maize forage quality. The experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that intercropping systems had a significant effect on forage dry weight, where dry matter yield was increased by intercropping as compared with maize and cowpea sole crops. It was related with a higher consumption consumption of environmental resources, such as photosynthetically active radiation and soil moisture, by intercropping. Maize forage quality in terms of crude protein was improved by intercropping. It was because of more nitrogen availability for maize in intercropping compared with its sole crop.
Effect of cowpea on growth and yield parameter in a maize-cowpea intercrop
Journal of Management and Science
An experiment was carried out during the raining season of the year 2011 at the Teaching and Research Farm of Oyo State College of Education (Now Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo), Lanlate Campus, to investigate the effect of geometric row arrangement on the growth and yield of cowpea in a maize-cowpea intercrop. There were 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 maize/cowpea row arrangement with a sole crop of cowpea as control. The experiment was laid on out in a Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates, No significant difference among the growth parameter (plant height, number of leaves and number of branches) intercropped and the sole cowpea plants (p<0.05). However cowpea intercropped with maize at 1:1 row arrangement recorded highestgrain yield per plant and consequently per hectare than those of 1:2 and 2:1 row arrangement, through not significantly difference from them. It is hereby recommend that cowpea and maize should be planted at 1:1 row arrangement.
A field experiment was conducted on loamy sand soils of Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during the years 2011-12 and 2012-13. The soil of the experimental plot was very low in organic carbon (0.19%) and available nitrogen (169 kg/ ha), medium in available phosphorus (39.65 ka/ha) and potash (271 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in spit plot design with four replications. Fifteen treatment combinations comprised five intercropping treatments viz., IC1 (sole maize), IC2 (sole cowpea), IC3 (maize+cowpea 2 : 1), IC4 (maize+cowpea 3 : 1) and IC5 (maize+cowpea 3 : 1) and three fertility levels viz., F1 (75% RDF), F2 (100% RDF) and F3 (125% RDF). Maize equivalent yield was significantly influenced by intercropping levels. Treatment IC4 (maize+cowpea 2 : 1) recorded significantly higher maize equivalent yield than rest of the treatments. Application of treatments IC4 (maize+cowpea 2 : 1) recorded significantly higher nitrogen content, crude protein content, crude fiber content and phosphorus content in both the crops. Intercropping levels failed to exhibit their significant influence on total ash content, potash content and neutral detergent fiber of both the crops. Regarding soil available nutrients, treatment IC2 (sole cowpea) registered maximum values of nitrogen content but phosphorus and potash content was not influenced significantly by intercropping after harvest of crops. The maize equivalent yield was significantly influenced by fertility levels. Application of F3 (125% RDF) produced significantly higher maize equivalent yield but it was statistically similar with treatment F2 (100% RDF). Application of 125% RDF recorded significantly higher nitrogen content and crude protein content and crude fiber content in both the crops as well as phosphorus content and total ash content in maize crop and it was at par with 100% RDF. Fertility levels failed to exhibit their significant influence on phosphorus content and total ash content in cowpea as well as potash content and neutral detergent fiber in both the crops. Regarding soil available nutrients, treatment F3 (125% RDF) registered maximum values of nitrogen but it was at par with F2 (100% RDF). Application of intercropping IC4 (maize+cowpea 2 : 1) recorded higher net realization of Rs. 30185/ha and higher BCR value of 2.85. Among different fertility levels, application of 125% RDF resulted in higher net realization (Rs. 28865/ha) but higher BCR (2.68) was recorded with treatment F2 (100% RDF) with net realization (Rs. 28411/ha) closely followed by F3 (125% RDF). The land equivalent ratio (1.22) was highest with IC4 (maize+cowpea 2 : 1).
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science
Mixtures of cereals and legumes are used extensively for forage production. Maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) monocultures as well as their mixture in three planting patterns (M1: alternate-row intercrop, M2: within-row intercrop, M3: mixed intercrop) were used to investigate on forage yield as well as the effect of intercropping on maize forage quality. The experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that intercropping systems had a significant effect on forage dry weight, where dry matter yield was increased by intercropping as compared with maize and cowpea sole crops. It was related with a higher consumption of environmental resources, such as photosynthetically active radiation and soil moisture, by intercropping. Maize forage quality in terms of crude protein was improved by intercropping. It was because of more nitrogen availability for maize in intercropping compared with its sole crop.
Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 2019
To evaluate the effect of four agricultural practices on grain yield, two varieties (IT-16 and IT-18) of cowpeas were tested in the agricultural year 2016/2017 an experimental field where the following agricultural practices were tested: tillage, tillage + mulch, zero tillage and zero tillage + mulch. The randomized complete blocks design, a scheme consisting of two factors: agronomic practices and varieties was used. The plant height, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds and grain yield in kg ha-1 were considered as parameters for analysis. From the results, it was concluded that for the yield of grain of different varieties under study, the variety IT-18 subjected to zero tillage + mulch and the variety IT-16 subjected to tillage had better performance achieving 2600.00 kg ha-1 and 1725.00 kg ha-1 respectively; therefore, recommended to the farmers.
A field experiment was carried out at the demonstration block of Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Porba) under Phek district, Nagaland during the kharif season of 2011 and 2012. The treatments consisted of sole crops of maize and cowpea along with intercropping of maize with cowpea in 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 row proportions. Altogether twenty treatments were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. Higher values of fresh forage yield and dry matter yield was recorded in sole treatments. Among the different row proportions, 1:1 row ratio recorded the highest total fresh forage yield (48.20 t/ha) and it was statistically at par with 2:1 row ratio (48.13 t/ha). In case of total dry matter yield, the highest (14.29 t/ha) was recorded in 2:1 row ratio followed by 1:1 (13.78 t/ha). Intercropping systems of maize + cowpea in 1:1 row ratio recorded higher crude protein, higher total ash content and higher IVDMD than sole in maize. For cowpea, crude protein and crude fibre content were higher in sole treatment while total ash content and IVDMD were higher in 1:1 row ratio. The quality parameters of both maize and cowpea recorded the
Influence of Intercropping Maize with Cowpea on Forage Yield and Quality
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2019
In this study, maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were intercropped in different sowing densities and their monocropping equivalents and tested to determine the best intercropping system on forage yield and quality. Maize was cultivated alone 75 000 plants ha-1 (SM) and intercropped with cowpea as follows: 75 000 plants ha-1 of maize and 37 500 plants ha-1 of cowpea (MC1), 75 000 plants ha-1 of maize and 50 000 plants ha-1 of cowpea (MC2) and 75 000 plants ha-1 of maize and 75 000 plants ha-1 of cowpea (MC3), in rows alternating with maize. The highest dry matter yield was produced by MC3 (20.6 t ha-1), and the lowest by SM (19.3 t ha-1). All intercropped systems had higher crude protein content MC1 (96 g kg-1 DM), MC2 (107 g kg-1 DM) and MC3 (120 g kg-1 DM) than the monocrop maize (76 g kg-1 DM). Intercropping of maize with cowpea reduced neutral detergent and acid detergent fiber content of harvested forage, resulting in increased forage digestibility. Intercropping maize with cowpea could substantially increase forage quantity and quality, and decrease requirements for protein supplements as compared with monocrop maize.
AgroLife Scientific Journal
Inadequate quantity and quality feeds is the major constraints to livestock production in majority of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. This necessitates the need to follow economically viable forage production. A study was conducted to evaluate the yield and yield related performance of cowpea (Vignia unguiculata L.) varieties under irrigation in 2017 and 2018 years. The experiment was laid down in a split plot design with randomized complete block design (RCBD) arrangement in four replications. There were two main plots of which one was planted with fertilizer and the other one without fertilizer for comparison and the sub plot treatments were eight varieties of Cowpea (Vignia unguiculata) (ILRI 9333, ILRI 9334, ILRI 11114, ILRI 12688, ILRI 12713, Kenkety, Black eye bean and IT92KD258-9). The data collected consisted of plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, forage biomass yield (t ha